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Characterizing compound physical and biogeochemical extremes in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

Characterizing compound physical and biogeochemical extremes in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem

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Authors

Natalie M. Freeman , Gaëlle Hervieux , Michael A. Alexander , Michael Jacox, ...  more

Abstract

Discrete environmental stressors, such as prolonged periods of extreme temperature or low oxygen, threaten the functioning of marine ecosystems. While considerable attention has been given to studying extremes occurring in isolation, our understanding of such events co-occurring in the water column–referred to as multi-stressor events or compound extremes–is still limited, despite their potentially synergistic effects on individual species. We use a historical ocean model simulation with biogeochemistry to characterize the frequency, intensity, and duration of multi-stressor events (temperature, chlorophyll, and oxygen) in the California Curr...  more

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31223/X5C152

Subjects

Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Keywords

Marine Ecosystems, Compound Extremes, Climate variability, California Current System, multi-stressor events, Marine Heatwaves, hypoxia, ENSO, physical-biogeochemical coupling, Ecosystem-based management

Dates

Published: 2025-05-06 11:55

Last Updated: 2025-05-07 06:52

License

CC BY Attribution 4.0 International

Additional Metadata

Data Availability (Reason not available):
All data and code used to produce the figures in this study are archived in the following Zenodo repository: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15313482. The FREEBIORYS2V4 ocean biogeochemistry hindcast output is available from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00019) the physical variables from the FREEGLORYS2V4 ocean hindcast were made available upon request. Satellite-derived ESA-CCI chlorophyll concentrations are available at http://www.esa-oceancolour-cci.org/. NOAA OISSTv2.1 high-resolution sea surface temperatures were provided by the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory and can be accessed at https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.highres.html. CalCOFI data is publicly available at https://calcofi.org/. CUTI indices derived from the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) regional ocean reanalysis (https://oceanmodeling.ucsc.edu/) are continuously updated and made available at https://oceanview.pfeg.noaa.gov/products/upwelling/.

Conflict of interest statement:
N/A