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Are All Tipping Points Predictable? A Test of Early Warning Signal Theory on Three Distinct Holocene Climate Events

Are All Tipping Points Predictable? A Test of Early Warning Signal Theory on Three Distinct Holocene Climate Events

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Authors

Gururaj H C, Nithya A S, Vasudha Hegde

Abstract

The detection of Early Warning Signals (EWS) in noisy paleoclimate time series is a significant analytical challenge. Previous studies have often focused on individual events or single metrics, leaving the broader robustness and universality of the EWS framework unresolved.

In this study, we apply a comprehensive analytical pipeline to a δ¹⁸O proxy record from the NGRIP ice core, testing for EWS preceding three distinct Holocene climate transitions: the Younger Dryas termination, the 8.2k event, and the onset of the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Our approach includes a parameter sweep across four detrending methods and six window sizes, with statistical significance assessed using phase-randomized surrogate data.

We find that rising lag-1 autocorrelation (a signature of critical slowing down) shows a consistent positive trend before all three transitions and is robust to methodological choices in two of the three cases. In contrast, variance-based signals exhibit context-dependent behavior, and in some cases—such as the Younger Dryas—variance decreases rather than increases prior to the transition. We also perform a state-based statistical comparison of distributional shifts, finding a significant change only for the Younger Dryas event.

These results provide empirical support for the partial predictability of past climate tipping points. They also establish a multi-metric, statistically validated blueprint for future EWS detection studies using paleoclimate proxies.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31223/X5T43C

Subjects

Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Keywords

Sure! Here’s Early Warning Signals, Climate Tipping Points, paleoclimate, Critical Slowing Down, Lag-1 Autocorrelation, Abrupt Climate Change, Robustness Analysis, Early warning signals

Dates

Published: 2025-07-02 10:40

Last Updated: 2025-07-03 05:38

License

CC BY Attribution 4.0 International

Additional Metadata

Conflict of interest statement:
The author declares that there are no competing interests.

Data Availability (Reason not available):
All data and code used in this study are publicly available at the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/Gururaj008/Are-All-Tipping-Points-Predictable-