Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modulation of tropical cyclogenesis on subseasonal-to-interannual timescales in the deep-learning climate emulator ACE2
Published: 2025-05-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Deep-learning global climate emulators are providing a new lens to investigate tropical cyclogenesis (TC genesis). However, without explicitly enforcing known physics, it is necessary to assess whether TC genesis in these models is physical. To address this question, we use the Ai2 Climate Emulator version 2 (ACE2) trained on ERA5 reanalysis to investigate TC genesis and its relationship with the [...]
Biogenic origins and moon
Published: 2025-05-02
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Astronomical discoveries of water abundance in protoplanetary disks are the basis of my hypothesis of a cool formation of the Earth by hydrous accretion in the habitable zone of the disk our solar system derived from, under different pressure conditions than in disks observed at present, chemical evolution in times of accretion, early beginning of prebiotic and biological life. I arrange some of [...]
Predictable and Unpredictable Aspects of Earthquakes from P wave Onsets: Vigorous Ruptures Finish Quickly
Published: 2025-05-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
It is widely acknowledged that predicting the final size of an earthquake from the P-wave onset in seismograms is nearly impossible. However, this study explores whether there are any predictable aspects of the rupture process from the initial P-wave. We propose that the moment-normalized duration of an earthquake negatively correlates with its initial stress drop, which is measured from the [...]
Application of mud gas analysis for reservoir evaluation
Published: 2025-05-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mud gas, which is usually used for monitoring the safety of the wells while drilling, can also be used as a formation evaluation tool. This study aims to analyse mud gas ratios and compare them with the traditional formation evaluation tools, such as resistivity. The analysis of four wells, either exploration or development wells, located in differing geological settings, shows that [...]
Establishing Deep Time: Multi-Method Dating of Archaeological and Speleological Features in the Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids
Published: 2025-05-01
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
This study presents an integrated chronological framework for the Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids using multiple scientific dating techniques. Radiocarbon dating, uranium-thorium analysis, and soil pedogenesis studies were conducted on archaeological and speleological features including the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun, the Pyramid of the Moon, and the Ravne tunnel networks. Results suggest [...]
Reliability of Contrast-Based Automated Fracture Detection from Decimeter Resolution Aerial Imagery
Published: 2025-04-30
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Aerial imagery that captures outcrop exposures of rocks enables the characterization of structural discontinuities such as faults and fractures across large and difficult-to-access areas. These datasets provide an opportunity to analyze the characteristics of fault and fracture networks as analogues for the subsurface. The application of automated interpretation methods to imagery has the [...]
Comparative analysis of the stage-discharge rating operated in gradual varied flows with alternative streamflow monitoring approaches
Published: 2025-04-30
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Streamflow data derived from stage-discharge (HQRC) are reported without uncertainty compelling users to treat them as absolute and deterministic. However, ignoring uncertainty is no longer viable, as data users increasingly demand confidence in measurements - especially for cross-agency comparisons and scientific or legal scrutiny. This paper investigates a major factor affecting the accuracy of [...]
Earth hit twice - The hypothesis of planetary rearrangement of the lithosphere by impact and interference waves
Published: 2025-04-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Sciences
This study presents the impact-antipodal-interference hypothesis as a new model of planetary-scale crustal deformation. By analysing the distribution and properties of three megastructures - the Mariana Trench, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and the Amazon Basin - it is demonstrated that their formation may be linked to large-scale cosmic impacts and the seismic wave interference occurring within [...]
Transforming Total Field Anomaly into Anomalous Magnetic Field: Using Dual-Layer Gradient-Boosted Equivalent Sources
Published: 2025-04-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Potential field data often require interpolation onto a regular grid at constant height before further analysis. A widely used approach for this is the equivalent sources technique, which has been adapted over time to improve its computational efficiency and accuracy of the predictions. However, many of these approaches still face challenges, including border effects in the predictions or [...]
Calcium isotope constraints on Mesoarchean seawater
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
The cause of the Great Oxidation Event ~2.4 billion-years-ago (Ga) is hotly debated. Recent models favor the emergence of continents as driving the event. However, we suggest that extensive shallow-marine carbonate platforms existed in the Mesoarchean. This conclusion is based on Ca isotopes from 2.8 Ga carbonate rocks, that constrains the Ca isotope value of Mesoarchean seawater to -0.5‰ [...]
Unlocking the potential of single stations to replace seismic arrays
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We introduce Virtual Seismic Arrays, which predict full array recordings from a single reference station, eliminating the need for continuous deployment of all stations. This innovation can reduce costs and logistical challenges while maintaining multi-station functionality. We implement a Virtual Seismic Array using a deep learning encoder-decoder approach to predict transfer properties between [...]
North American ice sheet persistence during past warm periods should inform future projections
Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
How fast sea level rises in the next century will depend on how fast the Antarctic Ice Sheet responds to warming. Projections of future Antarctic Ice Sheet behavior are shaped by the assumption that peak sea level during past warm periods occurred after ice sheets had disappeared from North America. Here we present emerging evidence from paleoceanography and allied disciplines to argue that North [...]
Application of automatic differentiation to the inversion of nonlinear mantle rheology using plate motion and topography
Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The rheological properties of the mantle govern plate tectonics and mantle convection, yet constraining the rheological parameters remains a significant challenge. Laboratory experiments are usually performed under different temperature-pressure-strain-rate conditions than those of natural environments, leading to substantial uncertainties when extrapolating the parameters to real-world [...]
The impact hypothesis as a mechanism for the origin of the Amazon basin - analysis of antipodal impacts of celestial bodies and their impact on global morphotectonics
Published: 2025-04-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Amazon Basin is the largest fluvial system on Earth, yet its central subsidence and asymmetrical drainage pattern remain partially unexplained by traditional geological models. This study introduces a novel impact-based hypothesis, proposing that the Amazon depression is a result of tectonic deformation at the intersection of seismic shockwaves originating from two major planetary impacts: [...]
Impact hypothesis as the cause of the formation of the Mariana Trench and the uplift of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Published: 2025-04-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
My dissertation presents an original hypothesis suggesting that the Mariana Trench was formed by an oblique impact of a massive celestial body on Earth’s oceanic crust, and that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge represents its antipodal geodynamic effect. The hypothesis is supported by calculations of impact energy, simulations of shock wave propagation through Earth's interior, and models of mantle [...]