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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Engineering

A heuristic model inversion for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling of triaxial experiments

Jack Lin, Mustafa Sari, Sotiris Alevizos, et al.

Published: 2019-04-25
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

As multiphysics geomechanical models get developed, their increasing complexity and number of parameters make it particularly difficult to calibrate against experimental data. In this contribution, we present a heuristic workflow to invert for parameters of a coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) model in a way that helps the theoretical modellers refine their definition of the underlying [...]

Impacts of Coal Resource Development on Surface Water Quality in a Multi-jurisdictional Watershed in the Western United States

Grace Bulltail, M. Todd Walter

Published: 2019-04-19
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering

This study focuses on water quality and quantity impacts from natural resource development on watersheds originating on Crow tribal lands in southeastern Montana. My field research analysis will focus on the surface water quality in three adjacent watersheds. This study will determine impacts to water quality from reclaimed coal mine spoils surface runoff and produced water discharge from coal [...]

Are Detected Trends in Flood Magnitude and Shifts in the Timing of Floods of A Major River Basin in India, Linked To Anthropogenic Stressors?

Nandamuri Yamini Rama, Poulomi Ganguli, Chandranath Chatterjee

Published: 2019-04-10
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability

Analyzing of trends in flood magnitude and the timing of the dates of flood occurrences of large river basins across the globe are essential for understanding changes in water availability (high or low flows) and assessing the fidelity of global hydrological models. Our research is motivated by the recent six major consecutive floods in Mahanadi (years: 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2011 and 2013) [...]

What has Global Sensitivity Analysis ever done for us? A systematic review to support scientific advancement and to inform policy-making in earth system modelling

Thorsten Wagener, Francesca Pianosi

Published: 2019-04-08
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Mathematics, Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Statistics and Probability

Computer models are essential tools in the earth system sciences. They underpin our search for understanding of earth system functioning and support decision- and policy-making across spatial and temporal scales. To understand the implications of uncertainty and environmental variability on the identification of such earth system models and their predictions, we can rely on increasingly powerful [...]

Comparison of estimation methods for a nonstationary index-flood model in flood frequency analysis using peaks over threshold

Martin Durocher, Donald H. Burn, Fahim Ashkar

Published: 2019-04-05
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering

Accurate estimation of flood frequency is crucial for designing safe infrastructures. To reduce model uncertainty, threshold modeling techniques are often useful in bringing more valuable flood information into the analysis than traditional models based on annual maximum discharges. Due to climatic or anthropogenic causes, changes in flood magnitudes in many parts of the world have been observed [...]

Matlab/R workflows to assess critical choices in Global Sensitivity Analysis using the SAFE toolbox

Valentina Noacco, Fanny Sarrazin, Francesca Pianosi, et al.

Published: 2019-04-05
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Statistics and Probability

Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) is a set of statistical techniques to investigate the effects of the uncertainty in the input factors of a mathematical model on the model’s outputs. The value of GSA for the construction, evaluation, and improvement of earth system models is reviewed in a companion paper by Wagener and Pianosi [n.d.]. The present paper focuses on the implementation of GSA and [...]

The vulnerability of tidal flats and multi-channel estuaries to dredging and disposal

Wout M. van Dijk, Jana Cox, Jasper R.F.W. Leuven, et al.

Published: 2019-04-05
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geomorphology, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Shipping fairways in estuaries are continuously dredged to maintain access for large vessels to major ports. However, several estuaries worldwide show adverse side effects to dredging activities, including a shift from multi-channel systems to single-channel systems and the loss of ecologically valuable intertidal flats. We used a time series of bathymetry of the Western Scheldt estuary (the [...]

Poroelastic effects destabilize mildly rate-strengthening friction to generate stable slow slip pulses

Elias Rafn Heimisson, Eric M Dunham, Martin Almquist

Published: 2019-03-18
Subjects: Applied Mechanics, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Mechanical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, Tribology

Slow slip events on tectonic faults, sliding instabilities that never accelerate to inertially limited ruptures or earthquakes, are one of the most enigmatic phenomena in frictional sliding. While observations of slow slip events continue to mount, a plausible mechanism that permits instability while simultaneously limiting slip speed remains elusive. Rate-and-state friction has been successful [...]

Average daily flow of microplastics through a tertiary wastewater treatment plant over a ten-month period

Reina Maricela Blair, Susan Waldron, Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay

Published: 2019-03-12
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Microplastics (MPs, <5 mm in size) are classified as emerging contaminants but treatment processes are not designed to remove these small particles. Wastewater treatment systems have been proposed as pathways for MPs pollution to receiving waters but quantitative and qualitative data on MP occurrence and transport remains limited, hindering risk assessment and regulation. Here, for the first [...]

Machine Learning Reveals the State of Intermittent Frictional Dynamics in a Sheared Granular Fault

Christopher X. Ren, Omid Dorostkar, Bertrand Rouet‐Leduc, et al.

Published: 2019-03-05
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The seismogenic plate boundaries are presumed to behave similarly to a densely packed granular medium, where fault and blocks systems rapidly rearrange the distribution of forces within themselves, as particles do in slowly sheared granular systems. We use machine learning and show that statistical features of velocity signals from individual particles in a simulated sheared granular fault [...]

Hydrodynamic control of gas-exchange velocity in small streams

Andreas Lorke, Pascal Bodmer, Kaan Koca, et al.

Published: 2019-03-02
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Hydraulic Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Planetary Sciences

Gas exchange is a critical component of any biogeochemical mass balance model of dissolved gases in aquatic systems, yet the magnitude and drivers of spatial and temporal variations of air-water exchange rates in shallow streams are poorly understood. We investigated the relationships between gas exchange velocity of carbon dioxide and methane and flow hydraulics at different sections along a [...]

Lithological, petrophysical and seal properties of mass-transport complexes (MTCs), northern Gulf of Mexico

Nan Wu, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, Howard D. Johnson, et al.

Published: 2019-02-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Mass transport complexes (MTCs) are one of the most sedimentologically and seismically distinctive depositional elements in deep-water depositional systems. Seismic reflection data provide spectacular images of their structure, size, and distribution, although a lack of borehole data means there is limited direct calibration between MTC lithology and petrophysical expression, or knowledge of how [...]

Heavy rainfall in Paraguay during the 2015-2016 austral summer: causes and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal predictive skill

James Doss-Gollin, Angel G. Muñoz, Simon J Mason, et al.

Published: 2019-02-11
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Climate, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management

During the austral summer 2015/16, severe flooding displaced over 170 000 people on the Paraguay River system in Paraguay, Argentina, and southern Brazil. These floods were driven by repeated heavy rainfall events in the lower Paraguay River basin. Alternating sequences of enhanced moisture inflow from the South American low-level jet and local convergence associated with baroclinic systems were [...]

Factor Analysis by R Programming to Assess Variability Among Environmental Determinants of the Mariana Trench

Polina Lemenkova

Published: 2019-01-28
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Geography, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Programming Languages and Compilers, Remote Sensing, Science and Mathematics Education, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science, Tectonics and Structure, Water Resource Management

The aim of this work is to identify main impact factors affecting variations in the geomorphology of the Mariana Trench which is the deepest place of the Earth, located in the west Pacific Ocean: steepness angle and structure of the sediment compression. The Mariana Trench presents a complex ecosystem with highly interconnected factors: geology (sediment thickness and tectonics including four [...]

Topology, homogeneity and scale factors for object detection: application of eCognition software for urban mapping using multispectral satellite image

Polina Lemenkova

Published: 2019-01-25
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Education, Educational Methods, Engineering, Environmental Education, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces, International and Area Studies, Life Sciences, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other Computer Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Remote Sensing, Science and Mathematics Education, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science, Sustainability

The research scope of this paper is to apply spatial object based image analysis (OBIA) method for processing panchromatic multispectral image covering study area of Brussels for urban mapping. The aim is to map different land cover types and more specifically, built-up areas from the very high resolution (VHR) satellite image using OBIA approach. A case study covers urban landscapes in the [...]

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