Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Can a Raspberry Shake Seismic Network Complement a National Seismic Network? A case study in Haiti
Published: 2019-02-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Complex networks of high-tech sensors are tough to operate and maintain in developing countries – but new low-costs, low-maintenance instruments may help. Because they are “connected objects” they also provide new opportunities to engage the civil society in citizen-science. Here we describe a seismological instrumentation experiment in Haiti with sensors that cost less than 500$ and can be [...]
High-resolution prediction of organic matter concentration with hyperspectral imaging on a sediment core
Published: 2019-02-21
Subjects: Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Optics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Sedimentology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability
In the case of environmental samples, the use of a chemometrics-based prediction model is highly challenging because of the difficulty in experimentally creating a well-ranged reference sample set. In this study, we present a methodology using short wave infrared hyperspectral imaging to create a partial least squares regression model on a cored sediment sample. It was applied to a sediment core [...]
Bayesian atmospheric correction over land: Sentinel-2/MSI and Landsat 8/OLI
Published: 2019-02-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Mitigating the impact of atmospheric effects on optical remote sensing data is critical for monitoring intrinsic land processes and developing Analysis Ready Data (ARD). This work develops an approach to this for the NERC NCEO medium resolution ARD Landsat 8 (L8) and Sentinel 2 (S2) products, called Sensor Invariant Atmospheric Correction (SIAC). The contribution of the work is to phrase and [...]
Technical note on the multi-GNSS, multi-frequency and near real-time ionospheric TEC monitoring system for South America
Published: 2019-02-21
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Development of regional services able to provide ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps with a high spatial resolution, and in near real-time, are of high importance for applications and the research community. We provide here the methodologies, and a preliminary assessment, of such a system. The system relies on the public Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS) infrastructure in [...]
Long Range Correlation in Redox Potential Fluctuations Signals Energetic Efficiency of Bacterial Fe(II) Oxidation
Published: 2019-02-21
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Differentiating biotic and abiotic processes in nature remains a persistent challenge, specifically in evaluating microbial contributions to geochemical processes through time. Building on previous work reporting that biologically-influenced systems exhibit stronger long-range correlation than abiotic systems, this study evaluated the relationship between long-range correlation of redox [...]
Deep Learning Application for 4D Pressure Saturation Inversion Compared to Bayesian Inversion on North Sea Data
Published: 2019-02-21
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
In this work we present a deep neural network inversion on map-based 4D seismic data for pressure and saturation. We present a novel neural network architecture that trains on synthetic data and provides insights into observed field seismic. The network explicitly includes AVO gradient calculation within the network as physical knowledge to stabilize pressure and saturation changes separation. [...]
geomIO: an open-source MATLAB toolbox to create the initial configuration of 2D/3D thermo-mechanical simulations from 2D vector drawings
Published: 2019-02-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Creating the initial geometry and temperature configuration of 3D numerical simulations is a challenging task. Professional tools are expensive. They often have a steep learning curve and do mostly not interface with the numerical simulation software used by the geodynamics and tectonics academic community. There, we developed geomIO (geometry Input/Output), a MATLAB toolbox to create the initial [...]
Bayesian Dynamic Finite-Fault Inversion: 2. Application to the 2016 Mw6.2 Amatrice, Italy, Earthquake
Published: 2019-02-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In 2016 Central Italy was struck by a sequence of three normal faulting earthquakes with moment magnitude (Mw) larger than 6. The Mw 6.2 Amatrice event (08/24) was the first one, causing building collapse and about 300 casualties. The event was recorded by a uniquely dense network of seismic stations. Here we perform its dynamic source inversion to infer the fault friction parameters and stress [...]
The influence of base-salt relief, rift topography and regional events on salt tectonics offshore Morocco
Published: 2019-02-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
This study integrates borehole-calibrated 2D and 3D seismic interpretation with numerical models to provide a regional analysis of the complex salt tectonics offshore central Morocco. We investigate the mechanisms controlling along-margin structural variations, the effects of thick-skinned shortening and the sequential evolution of allochthonous sheets. Additionally, we analyse how base-salt [...]
Minibasin depocentre migration during diachronous salt welding, offshore Angola
Published: 2019-02-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Salt tectonics is an important part of the geological evolution of many continental margins, yet the four-dimensional evolution of the minibasins, the fundamental building block of these and many other salt basins, remains poorly understood. Using high-quality 3D seismic data from the Lower Congo Basin, offshore Angola we document the long-term (>70 Myr) dynamics of minibasin subsidence. We [...]
Coupled, Physics-based Modeling Reveals Earthquake Displacements are Critical to the 2018 Palu, Sulawesi Tsunami
Published: 2019-02-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The September 2018, Mw 7.5 Sulawesi earthquake occurring on the Palu-Koro strike-slip fault system was followed by an unexpected localized tsunami. We show that direct earthquake-induced uplift and subsidence could have sourced the observed tsunami within Palu Bay. To this end, we use a physics-based, coupled earthquake-tsunami modeling framework tightly constrained by observations. The model [...]
Modeling megathrust earthquakes across scales: one-way coupling from geodynamics and seismic cycles to dynamic rupture
Published: 2019-02-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Taking the full complexity of subduction zones into account is important for realistic modelling and hazard assessment of subduction zone seismicity and associated tsunamis. Studying seismicity requires numerical methods that span a large range of spatial and temporal scales. We present the first coupled framework that resolves subduction dynamics over millions of years and earthquake dynamics [...]
Reconstructing the Anak Krakatau flank collapse that caused the December 2018 Indonesian tsunami
Published: 2019-02-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Volcanogenic tsunamis are one of the deadliest volcanic phenomena. Understanding their triggering processes and mitigating their effect remains a major challenge. On 22 December 2018, flank failure of the Anak Krakatau volcano in Indonesia generated a tsunami which killed more than 400 people. This event was captured in unprecedented detail by high-resolution satellite imagery and eyewitness [...]
McHargue et al Architectural Diversity of Submarine Lobes
Published: 2019-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
The most popular model for submarine unconfined lobate deposits has the following attributes: (1) a single feeder channel that delivers sediment, (2) a set of distributary channels present only in the proximal part of the lobate body, and (3) unchannelized tabular deposits present in the middle and distal part of the lobate deposit. This model has become a standard to guide interpretation of [...]
The Stratigraphic Record of Minibasin Subsidence, Precaspian Basin, Kazakhstan
Published: 2019-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Minibasins are fundamental components of many salt-bearing sedimentary basins, where they may host large volumes of hydrocarbons. Although we understand the basic mechanics governing their subsidence, we know surprisingly little of how minibasins subside in three-dimensions over geological timescales, or what controls such variability. Such knowledge would improve our ability to constrain initial [...]