Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Leveraging Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) for Urban Climate Emulation
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences
Urban climate models are critical for understanding and addressing the impacts of urban climate change. Yet, process-based urban climate models face limitations of high-entry barriers and substantial computing resource consumption, prompting the development of data-driven methods. However, the recently developed urban climate emulators, being location-dependent, are less scalable and may overlook [...]
The impact hypothesis as a mechanism for the origin of the Amazon basin - analysis of antipodal impacts of celestial bodies and their impact on global morphotectonics
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Amazon Basin is the largest fluvial system on Earth, yet its central subsidence and asymmetrical drainage pattern remain partially unexplained by traditional geological models. This study introduces a novel impact-based hypothesis, proposing that the Amazon depression is a result of tectonic deformation at the intersection of seismic shockwaves originating from two major planetary impacts: [...]
Optimizing data usage in regional body wave tomography by using asynchronous network data and relative sensitivity kernels: an example from Patagonia
Published: 2025-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A very frequent approach for studying lithospheric processes is to deploy temporary seismological networks in dedicated areas and to map the mantle structures with different approaches. One of them is the well-established relative travel time body wave tomography. Different circumstances often lead to a non-uniform deployment of stations both in space and time, and a wish to combine data which [...]
A controlled release experiment for investigating methane measurement performance at landfills
Published: 2025-04-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences
We assessed the performance of various methane measurement solutions in landfill applications. A measurement solution is defined as a system or market offering that quantifies and/or localizes emissions. Our study involved full-scale multipoint- and area-source (dispersed) controlled releases of methane from the ground surface of a closed 25-hectare landfill with collection system and a [...]
Assessing legacy nitrogen in groundwater using numerical models of the Long Island aquifer system, New York
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Nitrogen transported along groundwater flow paths in coastal aquifers can contribute substantially to nitrogen loading into surface water receptors, particularly in hydrologic systems dominated by groundwater discharge. Nitrogen entrained in the aquifer is a function of land use and associated nitrogen sources at the time of groundwater recharge, which may differ considerably from present-day [...]
Artificial Intelligence-Based Joint Retrieval Algorithm for Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, and Atmospheric Water Vapor
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The thermal infrared remote sensing parameters exhibit interdependent and mutually constrained relationships, which conventional methods fail to fully exploit for improving the overall retrieval accuracy across different parameters. To address this challenge, this study proposes an artificial intelligence-based method for jointly retrieving land surface temperature (LST), emissivity (LSE), and [...]
Drivers of changes in shoreline position of two small reef islands in the West Philippine Sea
Published: 2025-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences
This study examines the variations in the shoreline position of two atoll reef islands in the West Philippine Sea, Pag-asa Island, and Lawak Island, and identifies the influence of potential drivers of erosion. Data from field observations, beach profiling, and Google Earth Pro satellite images from 2004 to 2022 are used to identify shoreline movement for each island. Shoreline change is [...]
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Poised to Rocket: Modeling the Environmental Impact of LEO Satellite Constellations
Published: 2025-04-12
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physics
The proliferation of satellite megaconstellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) represents a significant advancement in global broadband connectivity. However, we urgently need to understand the potential environmental impacts, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with these constellations. This study addresses a critical gap in modeling current and future GHG emissions by developing [...]
Tidal flexure reveals effective elasticity in grounding zones on the Ross Ice Shelf
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The grounding zones of Antarctic ice shelves are among the continent’s most dynamic regions, where floating ice shelves buttress grounded upstream ice and tidal forcing drives cyclic flexure at the ice-ocean-bed interface. We use ICESat-2 altimetry and airborne ice-penetrating radar to constrain the effective Young’s modulus E* of ice in the flexure zone at three sites on the Ross Ice Shelf. By [...]
Deep source regions for back-arc volcanism in the Patagonian slab window imaged by finite frequency P and SH body wave tomography
Published: 2025-04-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
The subduction of the Chile Ridge beneath South America beginning 12-16 Myr ago opened a gap in the subducting slab beneath southern Patagonia, which migrated northward and is located today at 46oS. Geodynamic processes associated with the slab window are poorly understood. Here we apply finite-frequency P and SH body wave tomography to seismic data from several temporary arrays as well as [...]
Forecasting During Volcanic Crises
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Forecasting during a volcanic crisis is vital to the preservation of life and mitigation of loss during eruption. Decisions on when, where and how to evacuate, where to send the evacuees, and when they can return, are all informed by forecasts of impending volcanic activity. We review input data and models that underlie short-term forecasts during an eruption crisis, software and tools applied, [...]
dageo: Data Assimilation in Geosciences
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Mining Engineering, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Engineering
Data Assimilation combines computer models with real-world measurements to improve estimates and forecasts of dynamical systems such as oceans, atmosphere, and subsurface reservoirs. The Python package dageo is a tool to apply data assimilation in geoscience applications. Currently, it encompasses the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ESMDA) method and provides tools for [...]
Assessing Future Ice Shelf Collapse Vulnerability in the ISMIP6 Ensemble
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the possibility of future ice shelf collapses similar to the Larsen B is critical for improving sea-level-rise projections due to the restraint on upstream flow that ice shelves provide. Prior research has provided a criterion for assessing the vulnerability of ice shelf to hydrofracture. We apply these calculations to the model ensemble results from the Ice Sheet Modeling [...]
Google Earth Engine Approach in Monitoring of Mangrove Forest in Govatr Bay, on Oman Sea
Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geography
This study investigates geomorphological changes influencing mangrove habitats along Iran's coastline using satellite photos to identify crucial sites for coastal management. Biogeomorphol-ogy helps to solve real-world problems, such as mangrove restoration and coastal management. This study explored the relationship between coastal mangrove habitats and local geomorpholo-gy in Govatr Bay by [...]
A New Fault Model for the 1933 Long Beach Earthquake, Long Beach Area, Southern California
Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Newly identified thrust faults and their corresponding thrust sheets, combined with recent micro-earthquake epicenters, better explain anomalous rupture data observed during the 1933 Long Beach Earthquake than previous models based exclusively on Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone strike-slip faulting. A high-quality 45 km2 3D seismic dataset was recorded in 2017, centered along the Seal Beach [...]