Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Tectonics is a hologram
Published: 2022-11-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
A hologram is an image in which each area contains almost all the information about the entire system. It is a metaphor commonly used for complex systems in which the whole is bigger than the sum of the parts because of self-organization. And also the whole is smaller than the sum of the parts, since the collective organization limits the behavior of dynamic features. The tectonic evolution of [...]
Salt tectonics in intracontinental sedimentary basins: Triassic – Jurassic salt movement in the Baltic sector of the North German Basin and its relation to post-Permian regional tectonics
Published: 2022-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure
The formation and structural evolution of complex intracontinental basins, like the North German Basin, mark fundamental earth processes. Understanding these is not only essential to basic research but also of socioeconomic importance because of the multitude of resources, potential hazards and subsurface use capability in such basins. As part of the Central European Basin System, major [...]
Atmospheric carbon emissions from benthic trawling depend on water depth and ocean circulation
Published: 2022-10-28
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Through its vastness, resilience and biogeochemical complexity, the ocean offers humanity some of the largest potential natural pathways for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while avoiding new sources of anthropogenic emissions. In proposing a network of new marine protected areas in service of global ocean conservation, Sala et al. describe a potentially large climate benefit of such [...]
Strategies for making geoscience PhD recruitment more equitable
Published: 2022-10-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Outdoor Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Doctoral study is a crucial part of the academic pipeline, but discriminatory admissions procedures disproportionately impact students from ethnic minority backgrounds. We examine how doctoral recruitment policies contribute to inequity in the geosciences and propose improvements for change.
Quantitative constraints on flood variability in the rock record.
Published: 2022-10-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Floods determine river behaviour in time and space. Yet quantitative measures of discharge variability from geological stratigraphy are sparse, even though they are critical to understand landscape sensitivity to past and future environmental change. Here we show how storm-driven river floods in the geologic past can be quantified, using Carboniferous stratigraphy as an exemplar. The geometries [...]
PySulfSat: An Open-Source Python3 Tool for modelling sulfide and sulfate saturation
Published: 2022-10-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences
We present PySulfSat, an Open-Source Python3 tool for modeling sulfide and anhydrite saturation in magmas. PySulfSat supports a variety of data types (spreadsheets, Petrolog3 outputs, MELTS tbl files). PySulfSat can be used with alphaMELTS for Python infrastructure to track sulfur solubility during fractional crystallization within a single Jupyter Notebook. PySulfSat allows far more [...]
Short Communication: The Wasserstein distance as a dissimilarity metric for comparing detrital age spectra, and other geological distributions
Published: 2022-10-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Distributional data such as detrital age populations or grain size distributions are common in the geological sciences. As analytical techniques become more sophisticated, increasingly large amounts of distributional data are being gathered. These advances require quantitative and objective methods, such as multidimensional scaling (MDS), to analyse large numbers of samples. Crucial to such [...]
Experimental comparisons of carbonate-associated sulfate extraction methods
Published: 2022-10-26
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) refers to trace amounts of sulfate incorporated into carbonate minerals during precipitation. CAS has been the most commonly used approach to recover the paleo-seawater sulfate sulfur isotope composition (δ34Ssw) as carbonate rocks are more common and occur in less restricted marine environments than alternative sulfate-bearing minerals (such as gypsum and [...]
Restricted rupture evolution of the 2022 Mw 6.7 Luding China earthquake
Published: 2022-10-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
On September 5, 2022, a strike-slip earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw) 6.7 occurred along the Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone in Luding, Sichuan province, China. To estimate the rupture evolution of the 2022 Luding earthquake, we inverted teleseismic P-waves by applying the Potency Density Tensor Inversion, a novel method that can estimate fault geometry and source process. We [...]
Effective leaching of argillaceous and dolomitic carbonate rocks for strontium isotope stratigraphy
Published: 2022-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Various methods have been developed to extract a primary seawater Sr isotope signal from carbonate rocks for strontium isotope stratigraphy. However, there is little consensus around the best method due to variable sample purity and mineralogy. For this study, we applied sequential leaching to a range of rock samples, in order to explore strontium isotope leaching systematics of less favoured [...]
GANSim-surrogate: An integrated framework for conditional geomodelling and uncertainty analysis
Published: 2022-10-24
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Engineering, Fluid Dynamics, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Sedimentology
We propose a deep-learning framework (GANSim-surrogate) for conditioning subsurface geomodel realizations to static data and dynamic flow data. The static data includes well facies data, interpreted facies probability maps, and non-spatial global features, while dynamic data can include well data such as pressures and flow rates. The framework consists of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) [...]
Multiple ocean oxygenation events during the Ediacaran Period: Mo isotope evidence from the Nanhua Basin, South China
Published: 2022-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology
The Ediacaran Period (ca. 635–539 Ma) was an eventful interval in Earth history, during which a succession of biological and environmental changes, including episodic ocean oxygenation events (OOEs), may have paved the way for the Cambrian radiations of animal life. To better understand the evolution of ocean redox conditions and to estimate the extent of seafloor oxygenation during this period, [...]
Remote sensing-derived time series of transient snowline altitudes for High Mountain Asia, 1986–2021
Published: 2022-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology
This study presents a new dataset of remote sensing-derived Transient Snowline Altitude (TSLA) measurements for glaciers in High Mountain Asia. We use the Google Earth Engine to obtain TSLA data for approx. 28 · 104 glaciers larger than 0.5 km². After filtering and postprocessing, the dataset comprises ca. 9.66 million TSLA measurements with an average of 341 ± 160 measurements per glacier, [...]
Sedimentologika: a community-driven diamond open access journal in sedimentology
Published: 2022-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Library and Information Science, Sedimentology
Sedimentologika is a community-driven Diamond Open Access (DOA) scientific journal for the publication of work in the broad area of sedimentology and stratigraphy. The journal aims to provide the academic community and society a platform guaranteeing permanent free publication and free access to peer-reviewed scientific studies focusing on all types of sedimentary processes, deposits, and [...]
In Defense of Metrics: Metrics Sufficiently Encode Typical Human Preferences Regarding Hydrological Model Performance
Published: 2022-10-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Building accurate rainfall-runoff models is an integral part of hydrological science and practice. The variety of modeling goals and applications have led to a large suite of evaluation metrics for these models. Yet, hydrologists still put considerable trust into visual judgment, although it is unclear whether such judgment agrees or disagrees with existing quantitative metrics. In this study, we [...]