Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Saturation excess overland flow accelerates the spread of a generalist soil-borne pathogen
Published: 2020-03-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Plant pathogens are a major agent of disturbance in ecosystems worldwide. Disturbance by disease can alter the hydrological function of affected ecosystems. However, many plant pathogens are also sensitive to soil moisture and can be propagated by the transport of infectious tissue or reproductive structures in surface flow, so that hydrological processes can drive pathogen infection. These [...]
Streamflow depletion estimation for conjunctive water management in a heavily-stressed aquifer using analytical depletion functions
Published: 2020-03-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Groundwater pumping can lead to reductions in streamflow (‘streamflow depletion’) and estimating streamflow depletion is critical for conjunctive groundwater-surface water management. Streamflow depletion can be quantified using either analytical models, which have low data requirements but many simplifying assumptions, or numerical models, which represent physical processes more realistically [...]
Seismic expression, structure and evolution of flow cells within a mass-transport complex
Published: 2020-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Mass flows evolve longitudinally during emplacement, but they can also vary laterally by forming discrete, shear zone-bound intraflow cells with different rheological states. Despite being documented in several field and subsurface studies, the controls on the initiation, translation, and cessation of these flow cells remain unclear. We here use five, high-quality post-stack time-migrated (PSTM) [...]
Against Steady State
Published: 2020-03-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nature is never at a steady state. Natural history is generated by ever-new and ever-interacting forces that produce continuous changes. At virtually all timescales, the geological record shows that these changes do not cancel each other out and, thus, that the steady state is utopic. However, we need a state of equilibrium as a starting point for modelling Nature, and the steady-state condition [...]
Toward stable, general machine-learned models of the atmospheric chemical system
Published: 2020-03-23
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Chemistry, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Atmospheric chemistry models—used as components in models that simulate air pollution and climate change—are computationally expensive. Previous studies have shown that machine-learned atmospheric chemical solvers can be orders of magnitude faster than traditional integration methods but tend to suffer from numerical instability. Here, we present a modeling framework that reduces error [...]
Evaluating the capabilities of optical/TIR imagine sensing systems for quantifying soil water content
Published: 2020-03-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) is a key parameter of the global energy and water cycle and knowing its spatio-temporal variability is of key importance in an array of research topics and in several practical applications alike. Recent developments in Earth Observation (EO) have indicated that SSM can be retrieved from different regions of electromagnetic spectrum and numerous approaches have been [...]
INTERACTIONS OF DEEP-WATER GRAVITY FLOWS AND ACTIVE SALT TECTONICS
Published: 2020-03-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sediment gravity flow behaviour is influenced by seafloor topography associated with salt structures, which controls the depositional architecture of deep-water sedimentary systems. Typically, salt-influenced deep-water successions are poorly-imaged in seismic reflection data and exhumed systems are rare, hence the detailed sedimentology and stratigraphic architecture of these systems remains [...]
Rapid Tidal Marsh Development in Anthropogenic Backwaters
Published: 2020-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Geomorphology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Tidal marsh restoration and creation has been proposed as a tool to build coastal resilience in the face of rising sea level and increasing intensity of coastal storms. However, it is unclear what conditions within constructed settings will lead to the successful establishment of tidal marsh. We used sediment cores and historical geospatial data in the tidal freshwater Hudson River to identify [...]
On the potential of preprints in geochemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly
Published: 2020-03-21
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Library and Information Science, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Short communication on the use of preprint in geochemistry
Editorial: Geoscience in a time of pandemics
Published: 2020-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geography, Medical Sciences, Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
We, the Executive Editors at Geoscience Communication, sincerely hope that this message finds you and your loved ones in good health. We are in the midst of yet another global health crisis, the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). This affects all of us, and we truly hope that you are remaining safe and taking all necessary precautions. We all are facing difficult times ahead, and we hope that we [...]
Rupture Kinematics of January 24, 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol-Sivrice, Turkey Earthquake on the East Anatolian Fault Zone Imaged by Space Geodesy
Published: 2020-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Here we present the results of a kinematic slip model of the 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol-Sivrice, Turkey Earthquake, the most important event in the last 50 years on the East Anatolian Fault zone. Our slip model is constrained by two Sentinel-1 interferograms and by 5 three-component high-rate GNSS recordings close to the earthquake source. We find that most of the slip occurs predominantly in three [...]
Sandy beaches can survive sea-level rise
Published: 2020-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
It has been asserted by Vousdoukas et al., that climate change, in particular global sea-level rise (SLR), poses a threat to the existence of sandy beaches. The authors used global data bases of sandy beaches, bathymetry, wave conditions and SLR to drive a simple model based on the ‘Bruun Rule’ to quantitatively evaluate shoreline retreat. To this modelled retreat, they add a background ambient [...]
Structural controls on the location, geometry, and longevity of an intraplate volcanic system - The Tuatara Volcanic Field, Great South Basin, New Zealand
Published: 2020-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Intraplate volcanism is widely distributed across continental interiors. Yet controls on the location, 3D geometry, and longevity of many individual intraplate volcanic systems are often poorly understood. Geophysical and geodetic data provide insights into active intraplate magma plumbing systems, particularly when coupled with petrological and chemical analyses of volcanic products, but these [...]
Sedimentation and viscosity controls on forearc highs
Published: 2020-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Crustal rheology and surface processes strongly influence strain distribution and shape of orogenic wedges at their front but how they influence the wedge rear is still unclear. Here, we analyze the coupled control of viscosity and sedimentation on forearc high growth during advanced stages of subduction accretion. We use 2D thermo-mechanical finite element models constrained with data of the [...]
Global dominance of tectonics over climate in shaping river longitudinal profiles
Published: 2020-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
River networks are striking features engraved into Earths surface, shaped by uplift and erosion under the joint influence of climate and tectonics. How a river descends along its course – its longitudinal profile – varies greatly from one basin to the next, reflecting the interplay between uplift and erosional processes. It has recently been argued that climatic aridity should be a first-order [...]