Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
Simultaneous measurement of aqueous redox sensitive elements and their species across soil-water interface
Published: 2019-11-20
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Soil-water interface (SWI) hosts versatile elements speciation and controls elements cycling in flooded lands. However, the study on the element’s interaction along SWI is limited by the sampling and analytical methods available. Here with an optimized ICP-MS method and an updated porewater sampler, we succeeded in simultaneously mapping the elements of environmental concerns in every 1.7 mm [...]
Macrophyte cover type and groundwater as the key drivers of the extremely high organic carbon concentration of soda pans
Published: 2019-11-20
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
1. Endorheic soda pans are among the aquatic systems that have the highest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content on the planet with concentrations reaching values close to 1 g L−1. Considering the importance of inland waters in the global carbon cycle, the understanding of the drivers of such outstanding aquatic organic carbon pools is eminent. The soda pans of the Carpathian Basin present a [...]
A.I taking over a global climate mapping platform
Published: 2019-11-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Note: this is a post-print of a published manuscript in Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia with DOI 10.15294/jpii.v5i2.7677. This study focuses on the improvement of prospective teachers science generic skills in learning for earth and space sciences subject using a laboratory-based model. Research methods were Research and Development used mixed methods design, i.e. Embedded Experimental models. [...]
How do pre-existing normal faults influence rift geometry? A comparison of adjacent basins with contrasting underlying structure on the Lofoten Margin, Norway
Published: 2019-11-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Recent studies of natural, multiphase rifts suggest that the presence of pre‐existing faults may strongly influence fault growth during later rift phases. These findings compare well with predictions from recent scaled analogue experiments that simulate multiphase, non‐coaxial extension. However, in natural rifts we only get to see the final result of multiphase rifting. We therefore do not get [...]
Deep learning to infer eddy heat fluxes from sea surface height patterns of mesoscale turbulence
Published: 2019-11-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Planetary Sciences
Oceans play a major role in Earths climate by storing and transporting heat via turbulent currents called mesoscale eddies. However, direct monitoring of eddy-driven heat fluxes is currently impossible because it requires simultaneous surface and subsurface observations of velocity and heat content, while only surface properties of mesoscale eddies can be comprehensively measured by satellites in [...]
Ultramafic rock carbonation: Constraints from listvenite core BT1B, Oman Drilling Project
Published: 2019-11-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Mineral Physics, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The occurrence of the quartz–carbonate alteration assemblage (listvenite) in ophiolites indicates that ultramafic rock represents an effective sink for dissolved CO2. However, the majority of earlier studies of ultramafic rock carbonation had to rely on the surface exposure of reaction textures and field relationships. Here we present the first observations on ultramafic rock alteration obtained [...]
The Fate of Carbon during Earth’s Core–Mantle Differentiation
Published: 2019-11-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon is an essential element for the existence and evolution of life on Earth, constitutes up to 50% of dry biomass, and is likely a requirement for all life in the universe. Its high abundance in Earth’s crust and mantle (the Bulk Silicate Earth, BSE) is surprising because carbon is strongly siderophile (metal-loving) and should have segregated almost completely into Earth’s core during [...]
Stable and Radioisotope Systematics Reveal Fossil Water as Fundamental Characteristic of Arid Orogenic-Scale Groundwater Systems
Published: 2019-11-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In arid and semi-arid regions, persistent hydrological imbalances illuminate the considerable gaps in our spatiotemporal understanding of fundamental catchment-scale governing mechanisms. The Salar de Atacama basin is the most extreme example of groundwater-dominated continental basins and therefore is an ideal place to probe these unresolved questions. Geochemical and hydrophysical observations [...]
Coherent streamflow variability in Monsoon Asia over the past eight centuries---links to oceanic drivers
Published: 2019-11-13
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Monsoon Asia region is home to ten of the world’s biggest rivers, supporting the lives of 1.7 billion people who rely on streamflow for water, energy, and food. Yet, a synoptic understanding of multi-centennial streamflow variability for this region is lacking. Here we produce the first large scale streamflow reconstruction over Monsoon Asia (63 stations in 16 countries), using a novel [...]
Logarithmic growth of dikes from a depressurizing magma chamber
Published: 2019-11-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Dike propagation is an intrinsically multiphase problem, where deformation and fluid flow are intricately coupled in a fracture process. Here we perform the first fully-coupled simulations of dike propagation in two dimensions, accounting for depressurization of a circular magma chamber, dynamic fluid flow, fracture formation, and elastic deformation. Despite the complexity of the governing [...]
Directionality of ambient noise in the Mississippi embayment
Published: 2019-11-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise from 277 broadband stations within the Mississippi embayment (ME) with at least 1-month of recording time between 1990 and 2018 are used to estimate source locations of primary and secondary microseisms. We investigate source locations by analyzing the azimuthal distribution of the signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) and positive/negative amplitude [...]
Low-cost electronic sensors for environmental research: pitfalls and opportunities
Published: 2019-11-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Repeat observations underpin our understanding of environmental processes but financial constraints often limit scientists’ ability to deploy dense networks of conventional commercial instrumentation. Rapid growth in the Internet-Of-Things (IOT) and the maker movement is paving the way for low-cost electronic sensors to transform global environmental monitoring. Accessible and inexpensive sensor [...]
Ancient subducted oceans controlling the positioning of deep mantle plumes
Published: 2019-11-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Seismic imaging of the Earths interior reveals plumes originating from relatively hot regions of the lower mantle, surrounded by cooler material thought to be remnants of ancient subducted oceans. Based largely on geophysical data, two opposing hypotheses dominate the discussion on dynamics at the base of mantle: the large hot anomalies are thermo-chemical in nature; or, alternatively, they are [...]
Logjams are not jammed: measurements of log motions in Big Creek, Idaho
Published: 2019-11-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Colloquially, a "logjam" indicates a kinematic arrest of movement. Taken literally, it refers to a type of dense accumulation of wood in rivers widely recognized as bestowing numerous biological and physical benefits to the system but also present serious hazards to infrastructure. Despite this, no in-situ field measurements have assessed the degree of arrest in a naturally-formed logjam. Using [...]
Pore network model predictions of Darcy-scale multiphase flow heterogeneity validated by experiments
Published: 2019-11-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Small-scale heterogeneities in multiphase flow properties fundamentally control the flow of fluids from very small to very large scales in geologic systems. Inability to characterize these heterogeneities often limits numerical model descriptions and predictions of multiphase flow across scales. In this study, we evaluate the ability of pore network models (PNM) to characterize multiphase flow [...]