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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Life Sciences

The sizes and shapes of plastics in rivers

James Lofty, Daniel Rebai, Daniel Valero, et al.

Published: 2025-09-17
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Limited data exists on physical and geometric properties of river litter. To resolve this, we reveal the physical-structural relationships of river litter, using two of the most comprehensive datasets generated to date. First, we dissect the properties of river litter using a detailed dataset of over 14,000 riverbank items, for which their dimensions (longest L₁, intermediate L₂, shortest L₃) and [...]

Impact of the easternmost category-5 Hurricane Lorenzo on North Atlantic sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations

Sergio Muacho, Andre Valente, Manoa Postec

Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Life Sciences

A Bayesian Approach to Hyperspectral Leaf Trait Prediction with uncertainty quantification

Dhruva Kathuria, Yoseline Angel, Evan Lang, et al.

Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

Leaf functional traits are leaf features that determine ecosystem functioning, plant growth regulation, and resource allocation. Most of these traits can be effectively derived from leaf reflectance measurements across the visible to shortwave infrared range using various empirical and physical methods. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) is a popular empirical approach due to its simplicity [...]

Reconciling remote sensing and reanalysis land surface temperatures: How surface conditions shape bias between GOES-16 and MERRA-2 across the contiguous US

Dhruva Kathuria, Alexandra G Konings, Jana Kolassa, et al.

Published: 2025-09-11
Subjects: Hydrology, Life Sciences, Meteorology, Soil Science

Land surface temperature is a key variable governing land–atmosphere energy and water exchanges. Despite its importance, satellite observations and reanalysis products often differ in how they define the effective depth of land surface temperature and in the assumptions underlying their estimates, making comparisons and interpretation challenging. In this study, we present a detailed comparison [...]

Assessment of Natural Gas Pipeline Construction on Stream Temperature and Turbidity in Southwestern Virginia, 2017—25

Brendan Michael Foster, Carly M Maas, Alejandra L Flota

Published: 2025-09-03
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The natural gas pipeline network in the United States is extensive and often intersects streams and other sensitive habitats, yet there are limited case studies utilizing a comparative upstream-downstream approach to evaluate potential short- and long-term effects of pipeline stream crossing construction from pre-construction to post-site restoration. In 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey, in [...]

Prebiotic Analysis of Protoplanetary and Planetary Discs: The Origin and Evolution of Life

XIAOMING LI

Published: 2025-08-31
Subjects: Life Sciences

This paper examines the four pivotal and most contentious issues within the field of biogenesis by analyzing the life-originating processes centred on protoplanetary and planetary discs. These include: 1. Geological environment; 2. Source of nutrients/initial molecules; 3. Source of energy; 4. RNA world versus metabolic world: which came first? To date, scientists have been unable to reach a [...]

Finding Inter-species Associations on Large Citizen Science Datasets

Jacob A Deutsch

Published: 2025-08-21
Subjects: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences

Determining associations among different species from citizen science databases is challenging due to observer behavior and intrinsic density variations that give rise to correlations that do not imply species associations. This paper introduces a method that can efficiently analyze large datasets to extract likely species associations. It tiles space into small blocks chosen to be of the [...]

Relationships between water quality, stream metabolism, and water stargrass growth in the lower Yakima River, 2018 to 2020

Richard Sheibley, Marcella Appel, James Foreman

Published: 2025-08-16
Subjects: Life Sciences

Since the early 2000s, water clarity on the lower Yakima River has improved. Changes in best management practices combined with a total maximum daily load for suspended sediment led to these improved conditions. As water clarity improved, so did conditions for aquatic plants; the clearer the water, the better the light penetration, and dramatic increases in plant biomass were observed. In the [...]

Altitudinal and Seasonal Assessment of Precipitation Chemistry and Wet Deposition in the Vaz Research Forest, Northern Iran

Ali Salahi, Shirin Geranfar, Karam-Ali Zabihi, et al.

Published: 2025-08-15
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences

This study examines the chemical composition of precipitation across altitudinal gradients in the Vaz Research Forest, northern Iran, from 1999 to 2003. Precipitation samples were collected at 300, 1000, 1600, and 2200 m above sea level. Concentrations of nitrate (NO₃⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), and magnesium (Mg²⁺) and their wet deposition values were [...]

Long-term trends and drivers of water color in Missouri reservoirs

Lorena Pinheiro Silva, Greg Silsbe, David C. Richardson, et al.

Published: 2025-08-12
Subjects: Life Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology

Contrasting water quality trends are occurring within and across North America, with waterbodies experiencing increasing phytoplankton blooms, increasing dissolved organic matter, or both. Simultaneously, other waterbodies are becoming clearer and bluer; dramatically changing water color. To assess the spatial and temporal variability in water color, we quantified trends in satellite-derived [...]

Virunga Volcanoes Supersite Biennial Report: 2017- 2019

Charles Balagizi, Georges Mavonga, Celestin Kasereka, et al.

Published: 2025-08-09
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Virunga Volcanoes is the first Supersite established on the African continent in a highly populated Multi-hazards region. This permanent Supersite was established in a critical context as little was known about the Virunga hazards sources and their dynamics, and little done as measures to evaluate, mitigate and reduce their impacts. Similarly, the active volcanoes are poorly studied and [...]

22 Years Later: Evaluating Glover & Smith’s 2003 Predictions of the 2025 Deep-Sea Ecosystem

Kalyan Rao

Published: 2025-08-08
Subjects: Life Sciences, Marine Biology

Earth’s deep-sea ecosystem remains one of the least explored and understood ecosystems on the planet. Human interest in the resources available in the deep-sea must be balanced with potential harm to the deep-sea ecosystem. Accurately predicting the effect on human impact on the deep-sea floor can help guide policies and actions today. This research evaluates prior predictions of human impact on [...]

Bridging Ancestral Knowledge and Ecosystem Science for Coastal Restoration in Latin America

Marcelo J Salame, Boris Bohorquez, Jose Garcia, et al.

Published: 2025-08-04
Subjects: Biodiversity, Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Microbiology, Research Methods in Life Sciences, Systems Biology

Peer-review status: This manuscript has not been peer-reviewed. It is a preprint submitted for public dissemination and open feedback. This study documents the CALISUR methodology, a community-based mangrove restoration model rooted in ancestral ecological knowledge and applied across six intervention sites in the Gulf of Guayaquil. The methodology integrates scientific and traditional practices [...]

Extreme Environments of Latin America: Natural Laboratories for Astrobiology

Hermes Hernan Bolivar-Torres, Javier Eduardo Suárez-Valencia, Cristal Ramos-Madrigal, et al.

Published: 2025-08-01
Subjects: Life Sciences

Extreme environments are places where sustaining life is considered challenging by human standarts due to harmful environmental conditions. In the last decades, these kinds of environments have awakened the interest of planetary scientists due to their similar conditions to extraplanetary bodies. Most of the research done in extreme environments has been conducted in the North American and [...]

From Maps to Mandates: Multitemporal Vegetation Cover Analysis as a Tool to Evaluate Environmental Judicial Decisions

Juan Camilo Ríos-Orjuela, Ana María Medina-Sánchez, William Gonzalez-Daza, et al.

Published: 2025-07-23
Subjects: Biodiversity, Forest Management, Life Sciences, Research Methods in Life Sciences

This study examines the use of multitemporal vegetation cover analysis as a tool to assess the ecological effectiveness of judicial decisions that recognize the rights of nature, using Colombia’s 2016 T-622 decision on the Atrato River as a case study. Using satellite data from MapBiomas and generalized additive models (GAMs), we evaluated changes in ten types of vegetation cover between 2006 and [...]

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