Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Geology
Beo v1.0: Numerical model of heat flow and low-temperature thermochronology in hydrothermal systems
Published: 2019-01-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Low-temperature thermochronology can provide records of the thermal history of the upper crust and can be a valuable tool to quantify the history of hydrothermal systems. However, existing model codes of heat flow around hydrothermal systems do not include low-temperature thermochronology. Here I present a new model code that simulates thermal history around hydrothermal systems on geological [...]
Factor Analysis by R Programming to Assess Variability Among Environmental Determinants of the Mariana Trench
Published: 2019-01-28
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Geography, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Programming Languages and Compilers, Remote Sensing, Science and Mathematics Education, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science, Tectonics and Structure, Water Resource Management
The aim of this work is to identify main impact factors affecting variations in the geomorphology of the Mariana Trench which is the deepest place of the Earth, located in the west Pacific Ocean: steepness angle and structure of the sediment compression. The Mariana Trench presents a complex ecosystem with highly interconnected factors: geology (sediment thickness and tectonics including four [...]
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis by R language for Pattern Recognition in the Bathymetric Data Frame: a Case Study of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean
Published: 2019-01-25
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Environmental Education, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Geology, Geomorphology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Statistics and Probability, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science, Statistics and Probability, Tectonics and Structure
The geographic focus of the current study Mariana trench, the deepest point of the Earth located in the west Pacific Ocean. Mariana trench has unique structure and features formed in the complex process of the trench development. There is a range of the environmental factors affecting trench structure and functioning: bathymetry, geography, geology and tectonics. Current research aimed to study [...]
Linking an Early Triassic delta to antecedent topography: source-to-sink study of the southwestern Barents Sea margin
Published: 2019-01-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Present-day catchments adjacent to sedimentary basins may preserve geomorphic elements that have been active through long intervals of time. Relicts of ancient catchments in present-day landscapes may be investigated using mass-balance models and can give important information about upland landscape evolution and reservoir distribution in adjacent basins. However, such methods are in their [...]
How do variably striking faults reactivate during rifting? Insights from southern Malawi
Published: 2019-01-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This manuscript is a post-print deposited on the EarthArXiv platform that has been published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. Crustal extension is commonly thought to be accommodated by faults that strike orthogonal and obliquely to the regional trend of the minimum compressive stress (σ3). Activation of oblique faults can, however, be conceptually problematic as under Andersonian [...]
A new crustal fault formed the modern Corinth Rift
Published: 2019-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
This review shows how collective analysis of morphotectonic elements on uplifting rift margins can constrain the mechanical behaviour of continents during early rifting. This is shown for the modern Corinth Rift, one of the fastest-extending and most seismically active continental regions worldwide. We reconstruct the growth of the normal fault system that accommodates most of the rift strain and [...]
Forearc high uplift by lower crustal flow during growth of the Cyprus-Anatolian margin
Published: 2019-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
We present a model for the dynamic formation of the forearc high of southern Anatolia where sedimentation in the forearc basin leads to thermally-activated deformation in the lower crust. Our thermo-mechanical models demonstrate that forearc sedimentation increases the temperature of the underlying crust by “blanketing” the heat flux and increasing Moho depth. Deformation switches from frictional [...]
‘Trapping and binding’: A review of the factors controlling the development of fossil agglutinated microbialites and their distribution in space and time
Published: 2019-01-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Paleobiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Trapping and binding of allochthonous grains by benthic microbial communities has been considered a fundamental process of microbialite accretion since its discovery in popular shallow-marine modern examples (Bahamas and Shark Bay). However, agglutinated textures are rare in fossil microbialites and, thus, the role of trapping and binding has been debated in the last four decades. Recently, [...]
Neoproterozoic glacial origin of the Great Unconformity
Published: 2019-01-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Great Unconformity, a profound gap in Earths stratigraphic record often evident below the base of the Cambrian system, has remained among the most enigmatic field observations in Earth science for over a century. While long associated directly or indirectly with the occurrence of the earliest complex animal fossils, a conclusive explanation for the formation and global extent of the Great [...]
Structural evolution and medium-temperature thermochronology of central Madagascar: implications for Gondwana amalgamation
Published: 2019-01-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Madagascar occupied an important place in the amalgamation of Gondwana and preserves a record of several Neoproterozoic events that are linked to orogenesis of the East African Orogen. In this study, we integrate remote sensing, field data and thermochronology to unravel complex deformation in the Ikalamavony and Itremo domains of central Madagascar. The deformation sequence comprises a gneissic [...]
Wet rice cultivation was the primary cause of the earthquake-triggered Palu landslides
Published: 2019-01-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The death toll and economic impact of an earthquake are greatly exacerbated when landslides are triggered by strong ground motion. These slides typically occur in two different contexts: localized failure of steep slopes that pose a major threat to life in areas below; and lateral spreading of nearly flat sediment plains due to shaking-induced liquefaction, which can damage large areas of [...]
Methane bursts as a trigger for intermittent lake-forming climates on post-Noachian Mars
Published: 2019-01-01
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, The Sun and the Solar System
Lakes existed on Mars later than 3.6 billion years ago, according to sedimentary evidence for deltaic deposition. The observed fluvio-lacustrine deposits suggest that individual lake-forming climates persisted for at least several thousand years (assuming dilute flow). But the lake watersheds’ little weathered soils indicate a largely dry climate history, with intermittent runoff events. Here we [...]
Persistent or repeated surface habitability on Mars during the Late Hesperian - Amazonian
Published: 2019-01-01
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, The Sun and the Solar System
Large alluvial fan deposits on Mars record relatively recent habitable surface conditions (≲3.5 Ga, Late Hesperian – Amazonian). We find net sedimentation rate <(4-8) μm/yr in the alluvial-fan deposits, using the frequency of craters that are interbedded with alluvial fan deposits as a fluvial-process chronometer. Considering only the observed interbedded craters sets a lower bound of >20 [...]
The Impact of Pre-salt Rift Topography on Salt Tectonics: a Discrete-Element Modelling Approach
Published: 2018-12-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Gravity-driven salt tectonics along passive margins is commonly depicted as domains of updip extension and downdip contraction linked by an intermediate, broadly undeformed zone of translation. This study expands on recently published physical models by applying discrete-element modelling to demonstrate how salt-related translation over pre-salt rift structures produce complex deformation and [...]
Base-Salt Relief Controls on Salt-Tectonic Structural Style, São Paulo Plateau, Santos Basin, Brazil
Published: 2018-12-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Base-salt relief influences salt flow, producing three-dimensionally complex strains and multiphase deformation within the salt and its overburden. Understanding how base-salt relief influences salt-related deformation is important to correctly interpret salt basin kinematics and distribution of structural domains, which have important implications to understand the development of key petroleum [...]