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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Tectonics and Structure

The competition for salt and kinematic interactions between minibasins during density-driven subsidence: observations from numerical models

Naiara Fernandez, Michael Hudec, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, et al.

Published: 2019-03-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Stratal geometries of salt-floored minibasins provide a record of the interplay between minibasin subsidence and sedimentation. Minibasin subsidence and resulting stratal geometries are frequently interpreted by considering the minibasins in isolation and implicitly assuming that internal geometries are the result of purely vertical halokinetic processes. However, minibasins rarely form in [...]

Temporally constant Quaternary uplift rates and their relationship with extensional upper-plate faults in south Crete (Greece), constrained with 36Cl exposure dating.

Jenni Robertson, Marco Meschis, Gerald Roberts, et al.

Published: 2019-03-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Preserved sets of marine terraces and palaeoshorelines above subduction zones provide an opportunity to explore the long-term deformation that occurs as a result of upper-plate extension. We investigate uplifted palaeoshorelines along the South Central Crete Fault and over its western tip, located above the Hellenic Subduction Zone, in order to derive uplift rates and examine the role that known [...]

Segmentation of rifts through structural inheritance: Creation of the Davis Strait

Philip Joseph Heron, Alexander Lewis Peace, Ken McCaffrey, et al.

Published: 2019-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Mesozoic-Cenozoic rifting between Greenland and North America created the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay, while leaving preserved continental lithosphere in the Davis Strait which lies between them. Inherited crustal structures from a Palaeoproterozoic collision have been hypothesized to account for the tectonic features of this rift system. However, the role of mantle lithosphere heterogeneities in [...]

Early exhumation of the Frontal Cordillera (Southern Central Andes) and implications for Andean mountain-building at ~33.5°S

Magali Riesner, Martine Simoes, Daniel Carrizo, et al.

Published: 2019-03-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

The Andes are the modern active example of a Cordilleran-type orogen, with mountain-building and crustal thickening within the upper plate of a subduction zone. Despite numerous studies of this emblematic mountain range, several primary traits of this orogeny remain unresolved or poorly documented. The onset of uplift and deformation of the Frontal Cordillera basement culmination of the Southern [...]

The effect of stress changes on time-dependent earthquake probabilities for the central Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA.

Alessandro Verdecchia, Sara Carena, Bruno Pace, et al.

Published: 2019-03-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Static and quasi-static Coulomb stress changes produced by large earthquakes can modify the probability of occurrence of subsequent events on neighboring faults. This approach is based on physical (Coulomb stress changes) and statistical (probability calculations) models, which are influenced by the quality and quantity of data available in the study region. Here, we focus on the Wasatch Fault [...]

A secondary zone of uplift due to megathrust earthquakes

Ylona van Dinther, Lukas Preiswerk, Taras Gerya

Published: 2019-03-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

The 1960 M9.5 Valdivia and 1964 M9.2 Alaska earthquakes caused a decimeters-high secondary zone of uplift a few hundred kilometers landward of the trench. We analyze GPS data from the 2010 M8.8 Maule and 2011 M9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquakes to confirm the existence of a secondary zone of uplift due to great earthquakes at the megathrust interface. This uplift varies in magnitude and location, but [...]

Unfolding Veined Fold Limbs to Deduce a Basins Prefolding Stress State

Koen Van Noten, Manuel Sintubin

Published: 2019-03-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Outdoor Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Tectonic structures that developed prior to folding, such as pre- and early-kinematic veins, hold valuable information on the stress state of the paleobasin in which these early structures formed. To derive the parental orientation of these prefolding brittle structures, folds need to “unfold.” A fold restoration methodology is presented in which fold limbs, and the structures they contain, are [...]

Structural and geodynamic modelling of the influence of granite bodies during lithospheric extension: application to the Carboniferous basins of northern England

Louis Howell, Stuart Egan, Graham Leslie, et al.

Published: 2019-02-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Intra-basinal highs within classic ‘block and basin’ style tectonic frameworks, in areas such as northern England, are underpinned by large granite bodies. This is widely believed to relate to the relative ‘rigidity’ and ‘buoyancy’ of granite in relation to accommodating basement. It has been suggested that during periods of tectonic extension, normal faulting around the peripheral regions of [...]

The influence of base-salt relief, rift topography and regional events on salt tectonics offshore Morocco

Leonardo Muniz Pichel, Mads Huuse, Jonathan Redfern, et al.

Published: 2019-02-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

This study integrates borehole-calibrated 2D and 3D seismic interpretation with numerical models to provide a regional analysis of the complex salt tectonics offshore central Morocco. We investigate the mechanisms controlling along-margin structural variations, the effects of thick-skinned shortening and the sequential evolution of allochthonous sheets. Additionally, we analyse how base-salt [...]

Minibasin depocentre migration during diachronous salt welding, offshore Angola

Zhiyuan Ge, Robert Leslie Gawthorpe, Atle Rotevatn, et al.

Published: 2019-02-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Salt tectonics is an important part of the geological evolution of many continental margins, yet the four-dimensional evolution of the minibasins, the fundamental building block of these and many other salt basins, remains poorly understood. Using high-quality 3D seismic data from the Lower Congo Basin, offshore Angola we document the long-term (>70 Myr) dynamics of minibasin subsidence. We [...]

The Stratigraphic Record of Minibasin Subsidence, Precaspian Basin, Kazakhstan

Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, Oliver B. Duffy, Naiara Fernandez, et al.

Published: 2019-02-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure

Minibasins are fundamental components of many salt-bearing sedimentary basins, where they may host large volumes of hydrocarbons. Although we understand the basic mechanics governing their subsidence, we know surprisingly little of how minibasins subside in three-dimensions over geological timescales, or what controls such variability. Such knowledge would improve our ability to constrain initial [...]

Structural architecture and composition of crystalline basement offshore west Norway

Antje Lenhart, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, Rebecca E. Bell, et al.

Published: 2019-02-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Numerous studies have investigated the geodynamic history and lithological composition of the Proterozoic basement, Caledonian nappes, and Devonian extensional basins and shear zones onshore west Norway. However, the offshore continuation of these structures, into the northern North Sea, where they are suspected to have influenced the structural evolution of the North Sea rift, is largely [...]

Protracted thermal evolution of the Neoproterozoic Araçuaí hot orogen (SE Brazil): consequences for rheology, strain distribution, and deformation analysis

Alain VAUCHEZ, Maria Helena B.M. Hollanda, Patrick Monié, et al.

Published: 2019-02-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

The Araçuaí-Ribeira belt formed during the amalgamation of West Gondwana in the late Neoproterozoic. Its evolution encompasses a main tectono-metamorphic peak at 600-580 Ma and a minor one, associated with the final collision with the Western Congo at 540-530 Ma. This belt holds characteristics of a hot-orogen: high thermal gradient (>30 °C/km), pervasive partial melting of the middle crust, [...]

Factor Analysis by R Programming to Assess Variability Among Environmental Determinants of the Mariana Trench

Polina Lemenkova

Published: 2019-01-28
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces, Life Sciences, Marine Biology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Geography, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Programming Languages and Compilers, Remote Sensing, Science and Mathematics Education, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science, Tectonics and Structure, Water Resource Management

The aim of this work is to identify main impact factors affecting variations in the geomorphology of the Mariana Trench which is the deepest place of the Earth, located in the west Pacific Ocean: steepness angle and structure of the sediment compression. The Mariana Trench presents a complex ecosystem with highly interconnected factors: geology (sediment thickness and tectonics including four [...]

Hierarchical Cluster Analysis by R language for Pattern Recognition in the Bathymetric Data Frame: a Case Study of the Mariana Trench, Pacific Ocean

Polina Lemenkova

Published: 2019-01-25
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Environmental Education, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Geography, Geology, Geomorphology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Statistics and Probability, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Spatial Science, Statistics and Probability, Tectonics and Structure

The geographic focus of the current study Mariana trench, the deepest point of the Earth located in the west Pacific Ocean. Mariana trench has unique structure and features formed in the complex process of the trench development. There is a range of the environmental factors affecting trench structure and functioning: bathymetry, geography, geology and tectonics. Current research aimed to study [...]

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