Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Tectonics and Structure

Kinematic and rheological controls on rift-related fault evolution

Sophie Pan, John Naliboff, Rebecca E. Bell, et al.

Published: 2022-11-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure

Continental extension is primarily accommodated by the evolution of normal fault networks. Rifts are shaped by complex tectonic processes and it has historically been difficult to determine the key rift controls using only observations from natural rifts. Here, we use 3D thermo-mechanical, high-resolution (<650 m) forward models of continental extension to investigate how fault network patterns [...]

Tectonics is a hologram

Nicolas Coltice

Published: 2022-11-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

A hologram is an image in which each area contains almost all the information about the entire system. It is a metaphor commonly used for complex systems in which the whole is bigger than the sum of the parts because of self-organization. And also the whole is smaller than the sum of the parts, since the collective organization limits the behavior of dynamic features. The tectonic evolution of [...]

A review of structural inheritance in rift basin formation

Anindita Samsu, Steven Micklethwaite, Jack Williams, et al.

Published: 2022-11-05
Subjects: Geology, Tectonics and Structure

In the context of rift basin formation, structural inheritance describes the influence of pre-existing basement structures on new, rift-related structures, including faults. Examples of basin features influenced by inheritance include rift localisation and segmentation at the plate scale, as well as variations in the geometries, orientations, and kinematics of individual rift-related faults. [...]

Salt tectonics in intracontinental sedimentary basins: Triassic – Jurassic salt movement in the Baltic sector of the North German Basin and its relation to post-Permian regional tectonics

Niklas Ahlrichs, Vera Noack, Elisabeth Seidel, et al.

Published: 2022-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure

The formation and structural evolution of complex intracontinental basins, like the North German Basin, mark fundamental earth processes. Understanding these is not only essential to basic research but also of socioeconomic importance because of the multitude of resources, potential hazards and subsurface use capability in such basins. As part of the Central European Basin System, major [...]

Impact of Deccan Volcanism on Reorganization of the Indian plate kinematics

Amarjeet Ramesh Bhagat, S J Sangode, Ashish Dongre

Published: 2022-10-29
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure

Western Indian Ocean basin shows one of the most complex signatures of the ocean floor anomalies by juxtaposition of the rapidly evolving, multiple spreading ridges, subduction systems and microcontinental slivers. This study based on ocean floor magnetic anomalies, gravity gradient map, tomographic profiles and geometrical kinematic models reports a significant westward drift of the Central [...]

Phanerozoic cooling events in the continental rims of the Central Atlantic Ocean.

Rémi Charton, Rémi Leprêtre

Published: 2022-10-28
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure

In this review, we have digitized and georeferenced over 7000 Low-Temperature Thermochronology (LTT) data points and 750 Time-Temperature Modelling (TTM) results from 252 published works. The study area includes the continental crusts adjacent to the rifted margins (~Late Triassic to Early Jurassic) of the Central Atlantic Ocean and its direct neighbours. Our main intention is to map out the [...]

Short Communication: The Wasserstein distance as a dissimilarity metric for comparing detrital age spectra, and other geological distributions

Alex George Lipp, Pieter Vermeesch

Published: 2022-10-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure

Distributional data such as detrital age populations or grain size distributions are common in the geological sciences. As analytical techniques become more sophisticated, increasingly large amounts of distributional data are being gathered. These advances require quantitative and objective methods, such as multidimensional scaling (MDS), to analyse large numbers of samples. Crucial to such [...]

Fault Friction Derived from Fault Bend Influence on Coseismic Slip During the 2019 Ridgecrest Mw 7.1 Mainshock

Chris Milliner, Saif Aati, Jean-Philippe Avouac

Published: 2022-10-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

The variation of stress on faults is important for our understanding of fault friction and the dynamics of earthquake ruptures. However, we still have little observational constraints on their absolute magnitude, or their variations in space and in time over the seismic cycle. Here we use a new geodetic imaging technique to measure the 3D coseismic slip vectors along the 2019 Ridgecrest surface [...]

Investigating the Eastern Alpine–Dinaric transition with teleseismic receiver functions: Evidence for subducted European Crust

Stefan Mroczek, Frederik Tilmann, Jan Pleuger, et al.

Published: 2022-10-09
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure

Characterising the internal structural complexity of the Southern North Sea Zechstein Supergroup Evaporites

Hector George Barnett, Mark Ireland, Cees van der Land

Published: 2022-10-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure

The internal complexity present within layered evaporite sequences is often an overlooked feature in sedimentary basins, with attention frequently concentrating on the external geometries that salt bodies form. Through the availability of large areas of 3D seismic data and new seismic imaging techniques the opportunity to view the internal structures that form within layered evaporites allows for [...]

Rapid fault healing after seismic slip

John Bedford, Takehiro Hirose, Yohei Hamada

Published: 2022-09-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure

Fault strength recovery (healing) following an earthquake is a key process in controlling the recurrence of future events; however, the rates and mechanisms of fault healing are poorly constrained. Here, by performing high-velocity friction experiments at seismic slip rates (0.57 m/s), we show that granite and gabbro fault gouges recover their strength rapidly after experiencing dynamic [...]

A genetic model of the magnetite-apatite deposits on El Laco volcano by extrusion of iron-rich melt

Tobias Keller, Fernando Tornos, John M. Hanchar, et al.

Published: 2022-08-25
Subjects: Dynamical Systems, Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geochemistry, Geology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

Magnetite-apatite deposits are important sources of iron and other metals. A prominent exam- ple are the magnetite lavas at the El Laco volcano, Northern Chile. Their formation processes remain debated. Here, we test the genetic hypothesis that an Fe-rich melt separated from silicate magma and ascended along collapse-related fractures. We complement recent analy- ses with thermodynamic modelling [...]

Drift velocity partitioning indicates anomalous high westward drift component for the Indian plate during ~65 ± 2 Ma

Amarjeet Ramesh Bhagat, S J Sangode, Ashish Dongre

Published: 2022-08-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure

Rapid northward drift of the Indian plate after 130 Ma has also recorded significant plate rotations due to the torques resulting from multiple vector force components. Seismic tomography of the Indian Ocean and palaeomagnetic database of the Deccan Traps are used here to constrain drift velocities at different temporal snapshots, resulting into estimates of 263.2 to 255.7 mmyr-1 latitudinal [...]

Extensional Deformation of a Shale-dominated Delta: Tarakan Basin, Offshore Indonesia

Aurio Erdi, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, Juan I. Soto

Published: 2022-08-04
Subjects: Geology, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure

Deformation on shale-rich continental margins is commonly associated with thin-skinned extension above mobile shales. Normal faulting and shale mobilization are widespread on such margins, being associated with and controlled by progradation and gravitational failure of deltaic sedimentary wedges. However, due to limitations in our ability to seismically imaging these mobile shales, our [...]

Time-variable Strain and Stress Rates Induced by Holocene Glacial Isostatic Adjustment in Continental Interiors

Timothy J Craig, Eric Calais, Luce Fleitout, et al.

Published: 2022-08-04
Subjects: Tectonics and Structure

In continental interiors, tectonically-driven deformation rates are low, often to the point where they are undetectable with modern geodesy. However, a range of non-tectonic surface processes, particularly relating to hydrological, cryospheric, and sedimentological mass changes, can produce strain-rates which on geologically-short timescales are substantially greater than those produced by [...]

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