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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Geomorphology

Modeling the spatial dynamics of marsh ponds in New England salt marshes

Giulio Mariotti, Amanda Spivak, Guido Ceccherini, et al.

Published: 2020-04-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Ponds are common features on salt marshes, yet it is unclear how they affect large-scale marsh evolution. We developed a spatially explicit model that combines cellular automata for pond formation, expansion, and drainage, and partial differential equations for elevation dynamics. We use the mesotidal Barnstable marsh (MA, USA) as a case study, for which we measured pond expansion rate by remote [...]

Runout of rock avalanches limited by basal friction but controlled by fragmentation

Øystein Thordén Haug, Matthias Rosenau, Michael Rudolf, et al.

Published: 2020-04-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Rock avalanches display exceptionally long runouts, which are found to correlate with their volume and attributed to size dependent dynamic lowering of the effective basal friction. However, even for similar volumes, runouts are seen to span several orders of magnitude suggesting additional controlling factors. Here, we document experiments with analogue models of rock avalanches aimed at testing [...]

A seismic monitoring approach to detect and quantify river sediment mobilisation by steelhead redd-building activity

Michael C. Dietze, James Losee, Lina E. Polvi, et al.

Published: 2020-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The role of spawning salmonids in altering river bed morphology and sediment transport is significant yet poorly understood. This is due, in large part, to limitations in monitoring the redd-building process in a continuous and spatially extended way. A complementary approach may be provided through the use of a small seismic sensor network analysing the ground motion signals generated by the [...]

Lateral variability in strain along a mass-transport deposit (MTD) toewall: a case study from the Makassar Strait, offshore Indonesia

Harya Dwi Nugraha, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, Howard D. Johnson, et al.

Published: 2020-04-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Contractional features characterise the toe domain of mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Their frontal geometry is typically classified as frontally-confined or frontally-emergent. However, it remains unclear how frontal emplacement style and contractional strain within an MTD can vary along strike. We use bathymetry and 3D seismic reflection data to investigate lateral variability of frontal [...]

Lateral variations in lower crustal strength control the temporal evolution of mountain ranges: examples from south-east Tibet

Camilla Emily Penney, Alex Copley

Published: 2020-04-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Controversy surrounds the rheology of the continental lithosphere, and how it controls the evolution and behaviour of mountain ranges. In this study, we investigate the effect of lateral contrasts in the strength of the lower crust, such as those between cratonic continental interiors and weaker rocks in the adjacent deforming regions, on the evolution of topography. We combine numerical [...]

InSAR Time Series Analysis of L-band Wide- Swath SAR Data Acquired by ALOS-2

Cunren Liang, Zhen Liu, Eric Jameson Fielding, et al.

Published: 2020-04-12
Subjects: Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Mining Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

Operating at L-band (~24 cm wavelength) in wide-swath modes is one of the characteristics of the new and next generation satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) missions. After 3 years of operation, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) satellite has acquired a wealth of L-band wide-swath SAR data over many areas using its ScanSAR mode. We present [...]

Turbidites, Topography and Tectonics: Evolution of submarine channel-lobe systems in the salt-influenced Kwanza Basin, offshore Angola

Danielle Howlett, Robert Leslie Gawthorpe, Zhiyuan Ge, et al.

Published: 2020-04-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Understanding the evolution of submarine channel-lobe systems on salt-influenced slopes is challenging as systems react to seemingly subtle changes in sea-floor topography. The impact of large blocking structures on individual deep-water systems is well documented, but understanding of the spatio-temporal evolution of regionally extensive channel-lobe systems in areas containing modest salt [...]

Measuring Azimuth Deformation With L-Band ALOS-2 ScanSAR Interferometry

Cunren Liang, Eric Jameson Fielding

Published: 2020-04-06
Subjects: Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computational Engineering, Computer Engineering, Earth Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Mining Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Signal Processing, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

We analyze the methods for measuring azimuth deformation with the L-band Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) interferometry. To implement the methods, we extract focused bursts from the ALOS-2 full-aperture product, which is the only product available for ScanSAR interferometry at present. The extracted bursts are properly processed to measure [...]

Estimating Azimuth Offset With Double-Difference Interferometric Phase: The Effect of Azimuth FM Rate Error in Focusing

Cunren Liang, Eric Jameson Fielding, Mong-Han Huang

Published: 2020-04-06
Subjects: Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Mining Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

Estimating azimuth offset with double-difference interferometric (DDI) phase, which is called multiple-aperture interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) or spectral diversity, is increasingly used in recent years to measure azimuth deformation or to accurately coregister a pair of InSAR images. We analyze the effect of frequency modulation (FM) rate error in focusing on the DDI phase with [...]

Climate controls the length and shape of the world’s drainage basins

Michael Singer, Stuart M Grieve, Shiuan-An Chen, et al.

Published: 2020-04-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Submitted manuscript currently under review at Geophysical Research Letters (American Geophysical Union publication).

International disparities in open access practices of the Earth Sciences community

Olivier Pourret, David William Hedding, Dasapta Erwin Irawan, et al.

Published: 2020-03-31
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Library and Information Science, Mineral Physics, Other Earth Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Soil Science, Speleology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology

Short communication on international disparities in open access practices of the Earth Sciences community

Seismic expression, structure and evolution of flow cells within a mass-transport complex

Harya Dwi Nugraha, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, Howard D. Johnson, et al.

Published: 2020-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Mass flows evolve longitudinally during emplacement, but they can also vary laterally by forming discrete, shear zone-bound intraflow cells with different rheological states. Despite being documented in several field and subsurface studies, the controls on the initiation, translation, and cessation of these flow cells remain unclear. We here use five, high-quality post-stack time-migrated (PSTM) [...]

Rapid Tidal Marsh Development in Anthropogenic Backwaters

Brian Yellen, Jonathon Woodruff, David Ralston, et al.

Published: 2020-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Geomorphology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability, Water Resource Management

Tidal marsh restoration and creation has been proposed as a tool to build coastal resilience in the face of rising sea level and increasing intensity of coastal storms. However, it is unclear what conditions within constructed settings will lead to the successful establishment of tidal marsh. We used sediment cores and historical geospatial data in the tidal freshwater Hudson River to identify [...]

Sandy beaches can survive sea-level rise

Andrew Cooper, Gerd Masselink, Giovanni Coco, et al.

Published: 2020-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

It has been asserted by Vousdoukas et al., that climate change, in particular global sea-level rise (SLR), poses a threat to the existence of sandy beaches. The authors used global data bases of sandy beaches, bathymetry, wave conditions and SLR to drive a simple model based on the ‘Bruun Rule’ to quantitatively evaluate shoreline retreat. To this modelled retreat, they add a background ambient [...]

Global dominance of tectonics over climate in shaping river longitudinal profiles

Hansjörg Seybold, Wouter Berghuijs, Jeff P. Prancevic, et al.

Published: 2020-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

River networks are striking features engraved into Earths surface, shaped by uplift and erosion under the joint influence of climate and tectonics. How a river descends along its course – its longitudinal profile – varies greatly from one basin to the next, reflecting the interplay between uplift and erosional processes. It has recently been argued that climatic aridity should be a first-order [...]

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