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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Sedimentology

Reactionary fence installation for post-Superstorm Sandy dune recovery

Bianca Charbonneau, John P. Wnek

Published: 2018-09-24
Subjects: Biology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Sustainability

Dunes are invaluable to coastal areas as dynamic buffers to erosion during high tides and storms, but do not accrue naturally in developed areas without assistance. Wood paling fencing is commonly used to cultivate dune development and thereby increase the protection afforded to coastal areas. In 2012, Superstorm Sandy devastated the mid-Atlantic, especially New Jersey where many areas are still [...]

A New Mechanism for Terrace Formation in Submarine Canyons

Anjali M Fernandes, David Mohrig, James Buttles

Published: 2018-09-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Geology, Geomorphology, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Sciences, Planetary Sedimentology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

Deep canyons on Earth occur in both terrestrial and submarine environments, where they are carved by actively incising channels. Apparently similar flights of unpaired terraces, seen at the inside of bends in incised sinuous channels, are also common in both environments. Here we demonstrate a new mechanism for terrace formation that we believe is unique to settings where sediment transporting [...]

Backwater Controls on the Sedimentology, Kinematics and Geometry of Bar Deposits in Coastal Rivers

Anjali M Fernandes, Virginia B. Smith, Kashauna Mason

Published: 2018-09-23
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geology, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

The backwater reach of coastal rivers is associated with considerable spatial and temporal variability in water and sediment flux. Here we test the hypothesis that the spatial and temporal variability in water flux and particle sizes in transport result in systematic changes in the geometry of bank-attached bars across the backwater transition. Measured transverse slopes of bank-attached bars in [...]

Grand Challenges (and Great Opportunities) in Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Diagenesis Research

David Hodgson, Anne Bernhardt, Michael Andrew Clare, et al.

Published: 2018-09-23
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

Technological advances make these exciting times for geoscientists studying Earth surface processes, their depositional products, and interactions with the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere; from monitoring contemporary sediment transport processes to interpretation of sedimentary archives that record ancient environmental changes. We set out three research challenges: 1) [...]

Complex and cascading triggering of submarine landslides and turbidity currents at volcanic islands revealed from integration of high-resolution onshore and offshore surveys

Michael Andrew Clare, Timothy Le Bas, David Price, et al.

Published: 2018-09-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Volcanology

Submerged flanks of volcanic islands are prone to hazards including submarine landslides that may trigger damaging tsunamis and fast-moving sediment-laden seafloor flows (turbidity currents) that break critical seafloor infrastructure. Small Island Developing States are particularly vulnerable to these hazards due to their remote and isolated nature, small size, high population densities and weak [...]

Using polygonal layer-bound normal faults as tools to delimit clastic reservoirs in the Levant Basin offshore Lebanon

Ramadan Ghalayini, Celine Eid

Published: 2018-08-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Tectonics and Structure

The Levant Basin offshore Lebanon contains an array of layer-bound normal faults in the Oligo-Miocene units. The faults are believed to have nucleated in soft-grained sediments similar to polygonal fault systems worldwide, and as a result are influenced by lithological heterogeneities in the host rock unit. We used 3D seismic data and amplitude extraction from offshore Lebanon to map deepwater [...]

Using bar preservation to constrain reworking in channel-dominated fluvial stratigraphy

Ellen Chamberlin, Elizabeth A Hajek

Published: 2018-08-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

Fluvial deposits comprising more than 80% channel facies are often thought to have accumulated during intervals of relatively slow subsidence in sedimentary basins. This interpretation stems from the conceptual model that migrating and avulsing rivers rework their own deposits during times of limited accommodation creation, preferentially removing and bypassing fine floodplain deposits. [...]

Quantification of the Bed-scale Architecture of Submarine Depositional Environments and Application to Lobe Deposits of the Point Loma Formation, California

Rosemarie Fryer, Zane Richards Jobe

Published: 2018-08-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

As of August 2018, this work is in review in "The Depositional Record", a journal from the IAS (International Association of Sedimentologists) Submarine-fan deposits form the largest sediment accumulations on Earth and host significant reservoirs for hydrocarbons. While many studies of ancient fan deposits qualitatively [...]

Characterisation of submarine depression trails driven by upslope migrating cyclic steps: Insights from the Ceará Basin (Brazil)

Daniele Maestrelli, Vittorio Maselli, Ben Kneller, et al.

Published: 2018-08-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

Circular to elliptical topographic depressions, isolated or organized in trails, have been observed on the modern seabed in different contexts and water depths. Such features have been alternatively interpreted as pockmarks generated by fluid flow, as sediment waves generated by turbidity currents, or as a combination of both processes. In the latter case, the dip of the slope has been [...]

New evidence for a major late Quaternary submarine landslide on the external western levee of Laurentian Fan

Alexandre Normandeau, D. Calvin Campbell, David J.W. Piper, et al.

Published: 2018-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

The Laurentian Fan is one of the largest submarine fans on the western margin of the North Atlantic. Recently acquired high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data (60 m horizontal resolution) reveal a major mass transport deposit (MTD) on the Western Levee of Western Valley (WLWV), covering >14 000 km2 in water depths from 3900 m to >5000 m. Typical submarine landslide features are observed [...]

Shark-fins: overturned patterns linked to shear instabilities at the flow-bed boundary. Examples from the deposits of the 2006 pyroclastic currents at Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador)

Guilhem Amin Douillet, Quentin Chaffaut, Fritz Schlunegger, et al.

Published: 2018-08-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Volcanology

Enigmatic structures grouped under the term "shark-fins" are documented in laminated deposits of pyroclastic currents. They consist of an overturning of a few laminae on a decimeter scale, forming overbent "flames" or convolute laminae, which occur in successive, periodic patterns. More than 200 shark-fins were investigated and measured in cross-laminated deposits from the 2006 pyroclastic [...]

Pyroclastic dune bedforms: macroscale structures and lateral variations. Examples from the 2006 pyroclastic currents at Tungurahua (Ecuador)

Guilhem Amin Douillet, Benjamin Bernard, Mélanie Bouysson, et al.

Published: 2018-08-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Volcanology

Pyroclastic currents are catastrophic flows of gas and particles triggered by explosive volcanic eruptions. For much of their dynamics, they behave as particulate density currents and share similarities with turbidity currents. Pyroclastic currents occasionally deposit dune bedforms with peculiar lamination patterns, from what is thought to represent the dilute low concentration and [...]

Tectonic and oceanographic process interactions archived in the Late Cretaceous to Present deep-marine stratigraphy on the Exmouth Plateau, offshore NW Australia

Harya Dwi Nugraha, Christopher Aiden-Lee Jackson, Howard D. Johnson, et al.

Published: 2018-07-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure

Deep-marine deposits provide a valuable archive of process interactions between sediment gravity flows, pelagic sedimentation, and thermo-haline bottom-currents. Stratigraphic successions can also record plate-scale tectonic processes (e.g. continental breakup and shortening) that impact long-term ocean circulation patterns, including changes in climate and biodiversity. One such setting is the [...]

Micromorphological report of Hof ter Coign

Arnald Puy

Published: 2018-06-28
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography, Geology, Life Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Soil Science

Micromorphological report of the Hof ter Coign site (Belgium)

Constructional process of relatively high-relief crescent-shaped bedforms in submarine channels by gravelly sand-laden flows: analysis of the ancient case study of the Guredin palaeo-bedforms

Ramon Lopez Jimenez

Published: 2018-06-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology

The channel-fills of the Miocene Alikayasi submarine channel system in the south of Turkey offer an extraordinary opportunity to improve our understanding of the physical properties of gravity-driven gravelly sand-laden flows and their resulting deposits on the seafloor. This study describes and analyses a particular area of an ancient channel-fill that is interpreted as the preserved deposits of [...]

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