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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Environmental Sciences

Mineral precipitation and geometry alteration in porous structures: How to upscale variations in permeability-porosity relationship?

Mohammad Masoudi, Mohammad Nooraiepour, Hang Deng, et al.

Published: 2024-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Porous materials in natural and engineered environments are subject to morphological changes resulting from interacting chemical and physical processes. The complexity of coupled flow, transport, and chemical processes that occur on different temporal and spatial scales makes it difficult to predict the resulting porosity and permeability alterations. Delineating the controls of mineral [...]

Untangling intercropping in heterogeneous smallholder maize-cassava farming systems with remote sensing

Felicia Olufunmilayo Akinyemi, Philippe Rufin, Esther Shupel Ibrahim, et al.

Published: 2023-12-15
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Earth observation approaches for large-scale crop monocultures are often not transferable to heterogeneous smallholder systems. Key challenges in this regard are intercropping, high intra-field crop type variability, wide sowing windows, presence of non-crop vegetation and small but variable field sizes. Currently, studies on smallholder agriculture mainly focus on specific crops and seldom [...]

GEE-PICX: Generating cloud-free Sentinel-2 and Landsat image composites and spectral indices for custom areas and time frames - a Google Earth Engine web application

Luisa Pflumm, Hyeonmin Kang, Andreas Wilting, et al.

Published: 2023-12-10
Subjects: Environmental Sciences

Earth observation satellites are collecting vast amounts of free and openly accessible data with immense potential to support environmental, economic, and social fields. As the availability of remotely sensed data increases, so do the methods for accessing and processing it. Many solutions exist for creating cloud-free image composites from often cloudy satellite data, but these typically require [...]

Comprehensive review of the annual haze episode in Northern Thailand

Cassian P. F. Pirard, Artima Charoenpanwutikul

Published: 2023-12-09
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Public Health

The mountainous part of northern Thailand is subject to an intense haze episode occurring almost every year between January and May. In the last couple of decades, this atmospheric phenomenon has been extensively covered in the media and is now a main concern for the population living in this area. In this review, we synthesized the information available from hundreds of publications on air [...]

Salt Precipitation during Geological CO2 Storage: Effect of Access to Continuous Brine Source

Mohammad Masoudi, Mohammad Nooraiepour, Helge Hellevang

Published: 2023-12-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences

During CO2 storage, the near-wellbore environment experiences significant chemical, physical, thermal, and mechanical perturbations. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes in this region through representative experimental tests and numerical simulations to maximize the safety and cost-efficiency of CO2 storage. One common [...]

Experimental and Numerical Description of Mineral Precipitation Dynamics on Heterogeneous Substrate Surfaces

Mohammad Nooraiepour, Mohammad Masoudi, Helge Hellevang

Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Mineral precipitation reactions are critical in reactive transport studies of porous media due to their significant impacts on flow and transport properties. Understanding the nucleation process, a probabilistic phenomenon that determines the location and distribution of solid formation in space and time domains, is essential for accurately comprehending the effect of mineral precipitation on [...]

Monitoring CO2 Concentrations in Soil Gas: A Novel MRV Approach for Cropland-Based ERW?

Dirk Paessler, Ralf Steffens, Jens Hammes, et al.

Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

This paper discusses the challenges we have faced in the past 2.5 years of field experiments trying to measure the speed of Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) in agricultural settings for removing CO₂ from the atmosphere. Traditional measurements that allow quantification of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in laboratory ERW tests include chemical analyses of the leached out soil water and monitoring [...]

Formation of giant Siberian gas emission craters (GECs)

Helge Hellevang, Mats Rouven Ippach, Sebastian Westermann, et al.

Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

The recent discovery of eight giant gas escape craters (GECs) in the Russian Yamal and Gydan peninsulas has challenged researchers for the past decade. Despite numerous proposed models, ranging from meteor impacts to gas explosions, none provide a comprehensive explanation for why the GECs are found only in this specific region. This study proposes a new general model for the formation of GECs in [...]

Wildfires increasingly threaten oil and gas wells in the western United States with disproportionate impacts on marginalized populations

David J.X. Gonzalez, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Zehua Liu, et al.

Published: 2023-11-14
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Oil, Gas, and Energy

The western United States is home to most of the nation’s oil and gas production and, increasingly, wildfires. We examined historical threats of wildfires for oil and gas wells, the extent to which wildfires are projected to threaten wells as climate change progresses, and exposure of human populations to these wells. From 1984–2019, we found that cumulatively 102,882 wells were [...]

Plastics aplenty in paddy lands: incidence of microplastics in two rice cultivars of Kerala, India, and its impact on primary producers found in paddy fields

C. Amaneesh, Hee-Sik Kim, Rishiram Ramanan

Published: 2023-11-14
Subjects: Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Toxicology

Microplastics (MP) have received worldwide attention in recent years because of its prevalence in key ecosystems, including agroecosystems. Occurrence of MP in native paddy fields, which are critical to world’s food security, is not reported till date. This study reports the abundance of MP in two different rice cultivars, one of which is the ‘Pokkali’ crop that is Geographical Indication tagged [...]

Looking upstream: analyzing the protection of the drainage area of Amazon rivers

Rosane Barbosa Lopes Cavalcante, Ayan Santos Fleischmann, PAULO ROGENES MONTEIRO PONTES

Published: 2023-11-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management

In the Amazon, aquatic ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services, including transportation, food, and livelihoods for millions of species. Land use changes and management impact these ecosystem services, and these impacts are not limited to the specific areas where they occur but propagate downstream along the drainage network. However, assessment of the accumulated human footprint upstream [...]

Defining Plastic Pollution Hotspots

Paolo Tasseron, Tim van Emmerik, Paul Vriend, et al.

Published: 2023-11-10
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Fresh Water Studies, Hydrology

Plastic pollution in the natural environment poses a growing threat to ecosystems and human health, prompting urgent needs for monitoring, prevention and clean-up measures, and new policies. To effectively prioritize resource allocation and mitigation strategies, it is key to identify and define plastic hotspots. UNEP’s draft global agreement on plastic pollution mandates prioritizing hotspots, [...]

ACCE DTP EDI Report 2023

Rachael Hannah McLaughlin

Published: 2023-11-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Education, Environmental Sciences, Higher Education

Underrepresentation of minoritised and historically disadvantaged groups is prevalent in PhD recruitment, particularly in environmental sciences. The environmental science focussed ‘Adapting to the Challenges of a Changing Environment’ Doctoral Training Partnership (ACCE DTP) was awarded funding from the Natural Environment Research Council for an EDI-centred project. This project aimed to [...]

A framework for integrated monitoring of status and trends in water balance, water chemistry and contamination of shallow lakes across a remote dynamic freshwater delta

Laura Neary, Casey R Remmer, Tanner J Owca, et al.

Published: 2023-11-05
Subjects: Environmental Sciences

Systematic and sustainable monitoring approaches capable of tracking the status and trends of keystone characteristics are critical for detecting aquatic ecosystem degradation, identifying the influence of multiple potential stressors, informing environmental protection policy and anticipating future change. At remote lake-rich landscapes, ability to implement and maintain long-term monitoring is [...]

Data for Critical Infrastructure Network Modelling of Natural Hazard Impacts: Needs and Influence on Model Characteristics

Roman Schotten, Evelyn Mühlhofer, Georgios Alexandros Chatzistefanou, et al.

Published: 2023-11-03
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Risk Analysis

Natural hazards impact the interdependent infrastructure networks that keep modern society functional. While a variety of critical infrastructure network (CIN) modelling approaches are available to represent CI networks on different scales and analyse the impacts of natural hazards, a recurring challenge for all modelling approaches is the availability and accessibility of sufficiently [...]

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