Preprints
There are 5509 Preprints listed.
A Temperature- and Pressure-Sensitive Visco-Plasticity Theory based on Interface Mechanisms for Sedimentary Rocks
Published: 2019-05-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Other Materials Science and Engineering
Constitutive modelling in geotechnical engineering and applied earth sciences is facing the challenge of assessing the long-term potential of both man-made and natural geohazards. This involves designing engineering operations for length scales and timescales well beyond those observable in the laboratory. In order to bridge the gap between scales, study rock behaviours well beyond their yield [...]
On the stability of deep-seated landslides. The cases of Vaiont (Italy) and Shuping (Three Gorges Dam, China)
Published: 2019-05-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Deep-seated catastrophic landslides are among the most powerful natural hazards on earth. These devastating events are not possible to be prevented yet, because of their large volumes and sudden acceleration phase. The present study suggests a new method to detect when a landslide will turn unstable, giving both a time-window to evacuate the area that is going to be affected and critical values [...]
HESS Opinions: Improving the evaluation of groundwater representation in continental to global scale models
Published: 2019-05-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Continental- to global-scale hydrologic and land surface models increasingly include representations of the groundwater system, driven by crucial Earth science and sustainability problems. These models are essential for examining, communicating, and understanding the dynamic interactions between the Earth System above and below the land surface as well as the opportunities and limits of [...]
The influence of basin settings and flow properties on the dimensions of submarine lobe elements
Published: 2019-05-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Submarine lobes have been identified within various deep-water settings, including the basin-floor, the base of slope and the continental slope. Their dimensions and geometries are postulated to be controlled by the topographical configuration of the seabed, sediment supply system and slope maturity. While confinement has been suggested as a main control factor for lobe dimensions, it does not [...]
An assessment of the wind influence in local inertial 1D hydrodynamic flow routing
Published: 2019-05-22
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
One-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic modeling studies generally do not take into account the influence of wind, although literature experiences demonstrate the importance of this information in some cases. In this context, the present work had the objective to investigate this matter further, studying the influence of wind on hydrodynamic 1D modeling results and proposing an abacus for the rapid [...]
Dark carbon fixation contributes to sedimentary organic carbon in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone
Published: 2019-05-18
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Life Sciences, Microbiology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In response to rising CO2 concentrations and increasing global sea surface temperatures, oxygen minimum zones (OMZ), or “dead zones”, are expected to expand. OMZs are fueled by high primary productivity, resulting in enhanced biological oxygen demand at depth, subsequent oxygen depletion, and attenuation of remineralization. This results in the deposition of organic carbon-rich sediments. Carbon [...]
Using nano-XRM and high-contrast imaging to inform micro-porosity permeability during Stokes-Brinkman single and two-phase flow simulations on micro-CT images
Published: 2019-05-17
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbonate rocks have particularly complex and multiscale pore systems which are weakly understood. In this study we use combined experimental, modelling, and pore space generation methods to tackle the impact of micro-porosity on the bulk flow properties of Estaillades limestone. First, a nano-core from a microporous grain of Estaillades Limestone was scanned using x-ray nano tomography [...]
Well-being loss: a comprehensive metric for household disaster resilience
Published: 2019-05-16
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Studies, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Natural disaster risk assessments typically consider environmental hazard and physical damage, neglecting to quantify how asset losses affect households’ well-being. However, for a given asset loss, a wealthy household might easily recover, while a poor household might suffer from major, long-lasting impacts. Ignoring such differential impacts can lead to inequitable interventions and exacerbate [...]
Shallow slow slip events along the Nankai Trough detected by the GNSS-A
Published: 2019-05-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Various slow earthquakes (SEQs), including tremors, very-low-frequency events, and slow slip events (SSEs), occur along megathrust zones. In a shallow plate boundary region, although many SEQs have been observed along pan-Pacific subduction zones, SSEs with a duration on the order of a year or with a large slip have not yet been detected due to difficulty in offshore observation. We try to [...]
Pleistocene coastal evolution in the Makran subduction zone
Published: 2019-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Along the coast of the Makran subduction zone (SE Iran and SW Pakistan), active uplift combined with efficient erosion and vigorous sediment transport have led to marine terraces with unique morphology and sedimentology. These terraces are characterized by the systematic presence of an extensive 1–10Cm thick sandstone layer capping their wave-cut base. Our investigation of thirty-six sedimentary [...]
Forced folding and fracturing induced by differential compaction during post-depositional inflation of sandbodies: insights from numerical modelling
Published: 2019-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Three series of numerical models based on the discrete element method were constructed to simulate forced folding and fracturing triggered by postdepositional inflation of fludised sandbody. The models consist of numerous particles that have relatively low to high interparticle bonds to represent overburden sediments with a relatively low to high cohesion, and cohesionless, frictionless particles [...]
Low-temperature thermochronology as a control on vertical movements for semi-quantitative Source-to-Sink analysis: A case study for the Permian to Neogene of Morocco and surroundings
Published: 2019-05-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Continental passive margins and their hinterlands in the Atlantic realm are the locus of a significant amount of studies that evidence pre-, syn-, and post-rift episodic km-scale exhumation and burial episodes. We submit a 3-steps workflow to obtain 1) exhumation/burial rates, 2) eroded material flux, and 3) paleoreconstructions of source and sink domains. We apply this workflow in onshore [...]
Extension at the coast of the Makran subduction zone (Iran)
Published: 2019-05-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
In the Makran subduction zone, earthquake focal mechanisms and geodetic data indicate that the deforming prism currently experiences N-S compression. However, paleostress inversions performed on normal faults observed along the coast reveal local stress components consistent with N-S extension. Previously proposed mechanisms such as gravitational collapse are not in line with N-S compression and [...]
Representation of European hydroclimatic patterns with Self-Organizing Maps
Published: 2019-05-14
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Life Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics, Planetary Sciences
Self-Organizing Maps provide a powerful, non-linear technique of dimensionality reduction that can be used to identify clusters with similar attributes. Here, they were constructed from a 1000-year-long gridded palaeoclimatic dataset, namely the Old World Drought Atlas, to detect regions of homogeneous hydroclimatic variability across the European continent. A classification scheme of 10 regions [...]
Holocene sedimentary record and coastal evolution in the Makran subduction zone (Iran)
Published: 2019-05-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
The Makran coast displays evidence of surface uplift since at least the Late Pleistocene, but it remains uncertain whether this displacement is accommodated by creep on the subduction interface, or in a series of large earthquakes. Here, we address this problem by looking at the short term (Holocene) history of continental vertical displacements recorded in the geomorphology and sedimentary [...]