Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Influence of fault zone maturity on fully dynamic earthquake cycles
Published: 2021-06-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We study the mechanical response of two-dimensional vertical strike-slip fault to coseismic damage evolution and interseismic healing of fault damage zones by simulating fully dynamic earthquake cycles. Our models show that fault damage zone structure evolution during the seismic cycle can have pronounced effects on the mechanical behavior of locked and creeping fault segments. Immature fault [...]
Timing of Martian Core Formation from Models of Hf–W Evolution Coupled with N-body Simulations
Published: 2021-06-04
Subjects: Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Planetary Sciences
Determining how and when Mars formed has been a long-standing challenge for planetary scientists. The size and orbit of Mars are difficult to reproduce in classical simulations of planetary accretion, and this has inspired models of inner solar system evolution that are tuned to produce Mars-like planets. However, such models are not always coupled to geochemical constraints. Analyses of Martian [...]
Equilibrated gas and carbonate standard-derived paired clumped isotope (Δ47 and Δ48) values on the absolute reference frame
Published: 2021-06-05
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Rationale: Carbonate clumped isotope geochemistry has primarily focused on mass spectrometric determination of m/z 47 CO2 for geothermometry, but theoretical calculations and recent experiments indicate paired analysis of the m/z 47 (13C18O16O) and m/z 48 (12C18O18O) isotopologues (referred to as Δ47 and Δ48) can be used to study non-equilibrium isotope fractionations and refine temperature [...]
Interphase misorientation as a tool to study metamorphic reactions and crystallization in geological materials
Published: 2021-06-07
Subjects: Geology, Mineral Physics, Other Earth Sciences
Interphase boundaries are planar defects that separate two different minerals, which in general have different compositions and/or crystalline structures and may play an important role as a pathway for fluids in rocks and affect their physical properties. For the proper characterization of interphase boundaries, one needs to define the misorientation between adjacent grains and the orientation of [...]
Use of multi-spectral visible and near-infrared satellite data for timely estimates of the Earth's surface reflectance in cloudy and aerosol loaded conditions: Part 1 - application to RGB image restoration over land with GOME-2
Published: 2021-06-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Space-based quantitative passive optical remote sensing of the Earth's surface typically involves the detection and elimination of cloud-contaminated pixels as an initial processing step. We explore a fundamentally different approach; we use machine learning with cloud contaminated satellite multi-spectral data to estimate underlying terrestrial surface reflectances at red, green, and blue (RGB) [...]
Effects of Cone Penetrometer Testing on Shallow Hydrogeology at a Contaminated Site
Published: 2021-06-07
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Systems Biology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Penetration testing is a popular and instantaneous technique for subsurface mapping, contaminant tracking, and the determination of soil characteristics. While the small footprint and reproducibly of cone penetrometer testing makes it an ideal method for in-situ subsurface investigations at contaminated sites, the effects to local shallow groundwater wells and measurable influence on monitoring [...]
Spatial characteristics and kinematics of floodplain aggradation cycles in the lower Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA
Published: 2021-06-08
Subjects: Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Interaction of allogenic and autogenic forcing in building alluvial stratigraphy remains a complex subject that is critical for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate reconstruction and subsurface rock property prediction. Autogenic processes may act at similar vertical and lateral scales at which astronomical climate forcing drives alluvial stratigraphic deposition, making it difficult to [...]
Spatial and morphometric relationships of submarine landslides offshore west and southwest Iberia
Published: 2021-06-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Submarine landslides are ubiquitous geohazards in marine environments occurring at multiple scales. Increasing efforts have been made to catalogue and categorise submarine landslides in comprehensive databases, aiming to better understand their preconditioning and trigger factors. Using the recently compiled, open-access MAGICLAND dataset, we investigate the distribution and morphometric trends [...]
The hazards of unconfined pyroclastic density currents: a new synthesis and classification according to their deposits, dynamics, and thermal and impact characteristics
Published: 2021-06-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) that escape their confining channels are among the most dangerous of volcanic hazards. These unconfined PDCs are capable of inundating inhabited areas that may be unprepared for these hazards, resulting in significant loss of life and damage to infrastructure. Despite their ability to cause serious impacts, unconfined PDCs have previously only been described [...]
Use of multi-spectral visible and near-infrared satellite data for timely estimates of the Earth's surface reflectance in cloudy conditions: Part 2 - image restoration with HICO satellite data in overcast conditions
Published: 2021-06-08
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Satellite-based visible and near-infrared imaging of the Earth's surface is generally not performed in moderate to highly cloudy conditions; images that look visibly cloud covered to the human eye are typically discarded. Here, we expand upon previous work that employed machine learning (ML) to estimate underlying land surface reflectances at red, green, and blue (RGB) wavelengths in cloud [...]
Independent constraints on deep-sea temperatures across two early Eocene hyperthermals from clumped isotope thermometry
Published: 2021-06-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry
The early Eocene hothouse experienced the occurrence of transient global warming events, so-called hyperthermals. The deep ocean constitutes a stable and vast heat reservoir, and hence arguably provides a good estimate of the global mean climate state. However, available proxy deep-sea temperature reconstructions rely on uncertain assumptions of non-thermal influences associated with seawater [...]
Advancing on the Promises of Techno-ecological Nature-based Solutions: A Framework for Green Technology in Water Supply & Treatment
Published: 2021-06-10
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly proposed for effectively and adaptively addressing societal challenges such as water security and natural disasters. However, NBS that are exclusively reliant on natural processes are not fit-for-purpose for the provision of safe drinking water—some range of built technology is required. There is a wide spectrum of techno-ecological NBS—“green [...]
The relative importance of wind-driven and chimney effect cave ventilation: Observations in Postojna Cave (Slovenia)
Published: 2021-06-11
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Density-driven chimney effect airflow is the most common form of cave ventilation, allowing gas exchange between the outside and the karst subsurface. However, cave ventilation can also be driven by other mechanisms, namely winds. We discuss the mechanism and dynamics of wind-driven ventilation using observations in Postojna Cave, Slovenia. We show how seasonal airflow patterns driven by the [...]
Mapping carbon stocks in Central and South America with SMAP vegetation optical depth
Published: 2021-06-12
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Mapping carbon stocks in the tropics is essential for climate change mitigation. Passive microwave remote sensing allows estimating carbon from deep canopy layers through the Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) parameter. Although their spatial resolution is coarser than that of optical vegetation indices or airborne Lidar data, microwaves present a higher penetration capacity at low frequencies [...]
A Reduced Order Approach for Probabilistic Inversions of 3D Magnetotelluric Data II: Joint inversion of 3D MT and Surface-Wave Data
Published: 2021-06-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
Joint probabilistic inversions of magnetotelluric (MT) and seismic data has great potential for imaging the thermochemical structure of the lithosphere as well as mapping fluid/melt pathways and regions of mantle metasomatism. In this contribution we present a novel probabilistic (Bayesian) joint inversion scheme for 3D MT and surface-wave dispersion data particularly designed for large-scale [...]