Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Mercury stable isotope composition of lichens and mosses from northern Eurasia
Published: 2022-07-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mercury (Hg) concentrations in lichens and mosses can be used as surrogates for atmospheric Hg deposition to continental surfaces. In this study we collected and analyzed Hg concentrations and isotopic composition of epiphytic tree lichens and terricolous lichens and mosses from remote locations across the Eurasian Arctic and sub-Arctic (50 to 72o N, 30 to 180o E). Total Hg (THg) concentrations [...]
High-Precision Triple Oxygen Isotope Analysis of Carbon Dioxide by Tunable Infrared Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
Published: 2022-07-12
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Precision measurements of the stable isotope ratios of oxygen (18O/16O, 17O/16O) in CO2 are critical to atmospheric monitoring and terrestrial climate research. High-precision 17O measurements by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) are challenging because they require complicated sample preparation procedures, long measurement times, and relatively large samples sizes. Recently, tunable [...]
The Role of Salt Tectonics in the Energy Transition: An Overview and Future Challenges
Published: 2022-07-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The fundamental properties of salt have long been exploited in the search for hydrocarbons, as they influence many of the hydrocarbon play elements. This industrial application has driven the pursuit of salt tectonic knowledge over the last century and led to major conceptual advances in the field. However, the current need, and social-political demand, to decarbonize suggests that the [...]
Comparison of methods for coupled earthquake and tsunami modeling
Published: 2022-07-09
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Tsunami generation by offshore earthquakes is a problem of scientific interest and practical relevance, and one that requires numerical modeling for data interpretation and hazard assessment. Most numerical models utilize two-step methods with one-way coupling between separate earthquake and tsunami models, based on approximations that might limit the applicability and accuracy of the resulting [...]
Machine-learning correction of the local effects on neutron monitor and muon detector count rates at Syowa Station in the Antarctic
Published: 2022-07-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays around the solar minimum in 2019-2020 looks different in the secondary neutrons and muons observed at the ground. To compare the solar modulation of primary cosmic rays in detail, we must remove the possible seasonal variations caused by the atmosphere and surrounding environment. As such surrounding environment effects, we evaluate the snow cover effect [...]
Thermobar: An Open-Source Python3 Tool for Thermobarometry and Hygrometry
Published: 2022-07-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present Thermobar, a new open-source Python3 package for calculating pressures, temperatures, and melt compositions from mineral and mineral-melt equilibrium. Thermobar allows users to perform calculations with >100 popular parametrizations involving liquid, olivine-liquid, olivine-spinel, pyroxene only, pyroxene-liquid, two pyroxene, feldspar-liquid, two feldspar, amphibole only, [...]
Reproducing the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period Climate in the 2020s.
Published: 2023-09-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The current expectation of climatologists is that levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), will correspond, in the 2020s, to an increase in mean annual global near-surface atmospheric temperature of less than 1.5°C above the pre-industrial Holocene norm (1750 baseline; atmospheric CO2 = 278 ppm). This paper will argue, [...]
Barren ground depressions, natural H2 and orogenic gold deposits: spatial link and geochemical model
Published: 2022-07-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Soil Science
A review of the localities in continental rocks where H2-rich gases have been reported, showed that they are mainly located near gold deposits. Two types of geomorphological features known as markers of gas venting in sedimentary basins were also systematically observed near orogenic gold deposits on satellite images. They consist in both barren ground depressions and high densities of small (< [...]
Analytical and numerical models of viscous anisotropy: A toolset to constrain the role of mechanical anisotropy for regional tectonics and fault loading
Published: 2022-07-12
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
To what extent mechanical anisotropy is required to explain the dynamics of the lithosphere is an important yet unresolved question. If anisotropy affects stress and deformation, and hence processes such as fault loading, how can we quantify its role from observations? Here, we derive analytical solutions and build a theoretical framework to explore how a shear zone with anisotropic viscosity can [...]
Scaling the primary production of lakes
Published: 2022-07-13
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Kleiber’s ¾-scaling Law for metabolism with mass is one of the most striking regularities in the biological sciences. We demonstrate that whole-lake primary production scales to the ¾-power of lake volume, consistent with Kleiber’s Law but not explicable by analogy to theories developed for individual organisms. Instead, dimensional analysis offers a simple explanation. Because Earth's topography [...]
Applying a science-forward approach to groundwater regulatory design
Published: 2022-07-14
Subjects: Environmental Studies, Hydrology, Nature and Society Relations
Groundwater sustainability is challenged by the difference between legal and scientific understanding of groundwater as well as the lack of focused attention to regulatory design in the literature on groundwater institutions, governance and management. The purpose of this paper is to use groundwater science to direct the necessary elements of regulatory design for the unique characteristics of [...]
Single-blind validation of space-based point-source methane emissions detection and quantification
Published: 2022-07-14
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
Satellites are increasingly seen as a tool for identifying large greenhouse gas point sources for mitigation, but independent verification of satellite performance is needed for acceptance and use by policy makers and stakeholders. We conduct to our knowledge the first single-blind controlled methane release testing of satellite-based methane emissions detection and quantification, with five [...]
Slab to back-arc to arc: fluid and melt pathways through the mantle wedge beneath the Lesser Antilles
Published: 2022-07-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Volatiles expelled from subducted plates melt the overlying warm mantle, feeding arc volcanism. However, debates continue over the factors controlling melt generation and transport and how these determine the placement of volcanoes. To broaden our synoptic view of these fundamental mantle wedge processes, we image seismic attenuation beneath the Lesser Antilles arc, an end-member system that [...]
An adaptive auto-reduction solver for speeding up integration of chemical kinetics in atmospheric chemistry models: implementation and evaluation in the Kinetic Pre-Processor (KPP) version 3.0.0
Published: 2022-07-15
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Kinetic integration of large and stiff chemical mechanisms is a computational bottleneck in models of atmospheric chemistry. It requires implicit solution of the coupled system of kinetic differential equations with time-consuming construction and inversion of the Jacobian matrix. We present here a new version of the Kinetic Pre-Processor (KPP 3.0.0) for fast integration of chemical kinetics [...]
Large hot provinces at the base of the mantle stabilise the palaeomagnetic field
Published: 2022-07-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences
A crucial characteristic of Earth’s magnetic field, known since 1600, is that it approximates a dipole (bar magnet) aligned with the planetary rotation axis. Previous studies have disagreed over the extent to which this situation has persisted through geological time which is important for determining solar wind shielding and building palaeogeographic reconstructions. It has recently become [...]