Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
The mechanism of Mg diffusion in forsterite and the controls on its anisotropy
Published: 2020-03-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mg diffusion is important for explaining many rheological properties in forsterite but its mechanism is unknown. Without knowing a mechanism the effect of variables such as pressure are hard to constrain. In this study we used Density Functional Theory (DFT) to calculate the diffusivity of Mg vacancies and interstitials in forsterite and thus the diffusion rate of Mg in forsterite. We predict [...]
Initial Exploration Free Floating CO2 Fixation Catalysts
Published: 2020-04-01
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Sciences
Climate change as an inextricable and dire threat to humanity is well established. The primary problem stems from an excess of carbon dioxide in earths atmosphere and oceans causing a gradual increase in average temperature. With this there arises an immediate need for the alteration of this carbon dioxide into differing chemical states. Herein we perform an initial exploration of adapting the [...]
Distributed Acoustic Sensing of Microseismic Sources and Wave Propagation in Glaciated Terrain
Published: 2020-01-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Records of Alpine microseismicity are a powerful tool to study landscape-shaping processes and warn against hazardous mass movements. Unfortunately, seismic sensor coverage in Alpine regions is typically insufficient. Here we show that distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) bridges critical observational gaps of seismogenic processes in Alpine terrain. Dynamic strain measurements in a 1 km long fiber [...]
Saturation excess overland flow accelerates the spread of a generalist soil-borne pathogen
Published: 2020-03-27
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Plant pathogens are a major agent of disturbance in ecosystems worldwide. Disturbance by disease can alter the hydrological function of affected ecosystems. However, many plant pathogens are also sensitive to soil moisture and can be propagated by the transport of infectious tissue or reproductive structures in surface flow, so that hydrological processes can drive pathogen infection. These [...]
Streamflow depletion estimation for conjunctive water management in a heavily-stressed aquifer using analytical depletion functions
Published: 2020-03-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Groundwater pumping can lead to reductions in streamflow (‘streamflow depletion’) and estimating streamflow depletion is critical for conjunctive groundwater-surface water management. Streamflow depletion can be quantified using either analytical models, which have low data requirements but many simplifying assumptions, or numerical models, which represent physical processes more realistically [...]
Ultraviolet camera measurements of passive and explosive sulphur dioxide emissions at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu
Published: 2020-03-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Here, we present the first ultraviolet (UV) camera measurements of sulphur dioxide (SO2) flux from Yasur volcano, Vanuatu, for the period 6th – 9th July 2018. These data yield the first direct gas measurement-derived calculations of explosion gas masses at Yasur. Yasur typically exhibits persistent passive gas release interspersed with frequent strombolian explosions. We used compact forms of the [...]
Seismic expression, structure and evolution of flow cells within a mass-transport complex
Published: 2020-03-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Mass flows evolve longitudinally during emplacement, but they can also vary laterally by forming discrete, shear zone-bound intraflow cells with different rheological states. Despite being documented in several field and subsurface studies, the controls on the initiation, translation, and cessation of these flow cells remain unclear. We here use five, high-quality post-stack time-migrated (PSTM) [...]
Shallow-water mudstone architecture and depositional process variability: evidence for heterogeneity at kilometre-scale
Published: 2020-03-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Mudstone studies that use a large spacing (>5km) between datapoints provide little insight into the architecture and depositional process variability at kilometre scale. This often leads to the assumption that mudstones are laterally homogenous at kilometre and sub-kilometre scales. To better understand the lateral variability of mudstones at kilometre scale, the Mancos Shale in the eastern [...]
International disparities in open access practices of the Earth Sciences community
Published: 2020-03-31
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Library and Information Science, Mineral Physics, Other Earth Sciences, Paleobiology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Soil Science, Speleology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Short communication on international disparities in open access practices of the Earth Sciences community
Unexpected meteotsunamis prior to the Typhoon Wipha
Published: 2020-03-24
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
On October 15, 2013, unexpected meteotsunamis occurred prior to Typhoon Wipha located the distance of ~1,100 km from the center of the cyclone to the Tokyo bay. The occurrences were observed around the east coast of Japan coincidentally with atmospheric pressure disturbances induced by this typhoon. The observed wave height of meteotsunamis was up to ~0.5 m with the pressure fluctuation of ~2 hPa [...]
Against Steady State
Published: 2020-03-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Nature is never at a steady state. Natural history is generated by ever-new and ever-interacting forces that produce continuous changes. At virtually all timescales, the geological record shows that these changes do not cancel each other out and, thus, that the steady state is utopic. However, we need a state of equilibrium as a starting point for modelling Nature, and the steady-state condition [...]
INTERACTIONS OF DEEP-WATER GRAVITY FLOWS AND ACTIVE SALT TECTONICS
Published: 2020-03-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sediment gravity flow behaviour is influenced by seafloor topography associated with salt structures, which controls the depositional architecture of deep-water sedimentary systems. Typically, salt-influenced deep-water successions are poorly-imaged in seismic reflection data and exhumed systems are rare, hence the detailed sedimentology and stratigraphic architecture of these systems remains [...]
Rupture Kinematics of January 24, 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol-Sivrice, Turkey Earthquake on the East Anatolian Fault Zone Imaged by Space Geodesy
Published: 2020-03-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Here we present the results of a kinematic slip model of the 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol-Sivrice, Turkey Earthquake, the most important event in the last 50 years on the East Anatolian Fault zone. Our slip model is constrained by two Sentinel-1 interferograms and by 5 three-component high-rate GNSS recordings close to the earthquake source. We find that most of the slip occurs predominantly in three [...]
Rapid Tidal Marsh Development in Anthropogenic Backwaters
Published: 2020-03-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Geomorphology, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
Tidal marsh restoration and creation has been proposed as a tool to build coastal resilience in the face of rising sea level and increasing intensity of coastal storms. However, it is unclear what conditions within constructed settings will lead to the successful establishment of tidal marsh. We used sediment cores and historical geospatial data in the tidal freshwater Hudson River to identify [...]
External control and automatic calibration of the HEC-RAS NSM-I water quality model
Published: 2020-03-21
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
Calibration of models is a common procedure required to properly reproduce a system under analysis. In the present study, we developed a tool integrating the HEC-RAS NSM-I water quality model with the optimization algorithm SCE-UA in order to allow the automatic calibration. The tool’s performance was assessed in two experiments involving a theoretical situation, when it was used to approximate a [...]