Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
The Outflow Interactions Between Binary Tropical Cyclones
Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences
The three-dimensional representation of an outflow jet can be used to assess whether interactions may have occurred between the outflows of binary, or spatially proximate, tropical cyclones, as outflow jets represent a dominant portion of the upper-tropospheric outflow for TCs. A novel algorithm, POJ3, for identifying and creating a three-dimensional representation of the principal outflow jet(s) [...]
Determining the Pressure – Temperature – Composition (P-T-X) conditions of magma storage
Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Determining the pressures and temperatures at which melts are stored in the crust and upper mantle, and the major element composition, redox state and volatile contents of these melts, is vital to constrain the structure and dynamics of magmatic plumbing systems. In turn, constraining these parameters helps understand the geochemical and structural evolution of the Earth’s lithosphere, and [...]
Earth's tectonic and plate boundary evolution over 1.8 billion years
Published: 2023-08-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the intricate relationships between the solid Earth and its surface systems in deep time necessitates comprehensive full-plate tectonic reconstructions that include evolving plate boundaries and oceanic plates. In particular, a tectonic reconstruction that spans multiple supercontinent cycles is important to understand the long-term evolution of Earth's interior, surface [...]
Shear-wave attenuation anisotropy: a fluid detection tool
Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
The behaviour of fluids in preferentially aligned fractures plays an important role in a range of dynamic processes within the Earth. In the near-surface, understanding systems of fluid-filled fractures is crucial for applications such as geothermal energy production, monitoring CO2 storage sites and exploration for metalliferous sub-volcanic brines. Mantle melting is a [...]
Impact of rift history on the structural style of intracontinental rift-inversion orogens
Published: 2023-08-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure
Although many collisional orogens form after subduction of oceanic lithosphere between two continents, some orogens result from strain localization within a continent via inversion of structures inherited from continental rifting. Intracontinental rift-inversion orogens exhibit a range of structural styles, but the underlying causes of such variability have not been extensively explored. Here, we [...]
Forecast of Earthquake Magnitude for North-West (NW) Indian Region Using Machine Learning Techniques
Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Earthquakes have posed significant hazards to human lives and infrastructure for as far back as can be recalled. This paper presents a Machine Learning (ML) based approach for earthquake magnitude forecasting spatially using the earthquake clustering in five selected zones of NW Indian region. Previous research efforts have primarily relied on empirical relationships and statistical models, which [...]
Why is it critical to revisit significance and consequences of salt precipitation during CO2 injection?
Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry
Among the candidates for CO2 sequestration, deep saline aquifers are considered the best option because of their storage capacity and proximity to emission sources. Injection of large volumes (million tons scale) of supercritical CO2 into the geological formations causes evaporation of formation water near wellbores and precipitation of salt crystals inside the porous medium. CO2-induced salt [...]
Biomarker Indicators of Past Climate
Published: 2023-08-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The molecular remainders of living organisms, found in sedimentary records, reflect past ecological, environmental and climatic conditions. Occurrence, abundance, relative distribution and even isotopic composition of these lipid biomarkers can be linked to climatic conditions. This chapter reviews organic proxies for past temperature, salinity, hydrology, sea ice conditions and biomass burning.
Quantifying salinity in heterogeneous coastal aquifers through ERT and IP: insights from laboratory and field investigations
Published: 2023-08-25
Subjects: Engineering
The lithological and stratigraphical heterogeneity of coastal aquifers has a great influence on saltwater intrusion (SI). This makes it difficult to predict SI pathways and their persistence in time. In this context, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP) methods are receiving increasing attention regarding the discrimination between saltwater-bearing and clayey [...]
Bacteriological quality of household drinking water and cholera risk in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana
Published: 2023-08-25
Subjects: Public Health
Background The bacteriological quality of drinking water plays a critical role in preventing waterborne diseases. In Ghana, there is water scarcity and many communities depend on contaminated water sources for their domestic use. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of household drinking water in both cholera endemic and non-endemic areas in Greater Accra Region. Methods A [...]
Sea Ice Loss, Water Vapor Increases, and Their Interactions with Atmospheric Energy Transport in Driving Seasonal Polar Amplification
Published: 2023-08-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ice-albedo feedback associated with sea ice loss contributes to polar amplification, while the water vapor feedback contributes to tropical amplification of surface warming. However, these feedbacks are not independent of atmospheric energy transport, raising the possibility of complex interactions that may obscure the drivers of polar amplification, in particular its manifestation across the [...]
Reversal of the impact chain for actionable climate information
Published: 2023-09-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Escalating impacts of climate change underscore the risk of crossing thresholds of socio-ecological systems and adaptation limits. However, limitations in the provision of actionable climate information may hinder an adequate response. Here we suggest a reversal of the traditional impact chain methodology as an end-user focused approach to link local climate risks to emission pathways. We outline [...]
Monogenetic volcanoes as windows into transcrustal mush: A case study of Slamet and Loyang volcanoes, Central Java
Published: 2023-08-26
Subjects: Volcanology
Monogenetic volcanic "fields (MVFs) are commonly associated with long-lived polygenetic composite volcanoes in many tectonic settings. The association between polygenetic and monogenetic volcanoes has raised questions as to the source of monogenetic melts – specifically, whether they are derived from the transcrustal mush underlying a nearby polygenetic volcano, or from a different batch of [...]
Changing Water Supplies and Solutions to the Water Crisis: An Earth Systems Analysis of the American Southwest
Published: 2023-08-27
Subjects: Water Resource Management
The pressing issue of water scarcity in the Southwestern United States has been a topic of increasing concern in recent years. To address this critical problem, this research-driven essay aims to conduct an in-depth earth systems analysis to evaluate the complexities and implications of water shortages in the region. The study centers on three main objectives: (1) identifying the underlying [...]
Understanding Europe’s forest harvesting regimes
Published: 2023-09-01
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Forest Management, Forest Sciences, Life Sciences, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Nature and Society Relations
The functioning and structure of most European forests are actively shaped by intensive human use. Harvesting of wood is one of the key processes of forest management, making it a crucial element to include in any large-scale analysis of forest ecosystems. Yet, our understanding of how forests are harvested across Europe is limited, as the true harvest regimes – a realisation of decisions made by [...]