Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Connecting a broad spectrum of transient slip on the San Andreas fault
Published: 2020-02-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Strain accumulated on the deep extension of some faults are episodically released during transient slow-slip events which can subsequently load the shallow seismogenic region. At the San Andreas fault, the characteristics of slow-slip events are difficult to constrain geodetically due to their small deformation signal. Slow-slip events are often accompanied by coincident tremor bursts composed of [...]
High Attenuation Recycled Materials as landfill liners (the HARM project) – A new concept for improved landfill liner design
Published: 2020-01-28
Subjects: Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Education, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydrology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Public Health, Soil Science
A new approach in landfill liner design which combines hydraulic containment of leachate with contaminant attenuation to improve the performance of these environmental control systems at landfills is described. The idea is to re-use readily available industrial waste residues (construction and biomass waste) as additives for natural clay liners, wherein the additives have specific properties [...]
Evolution of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deep-marine system on an unstable margin: the Cretaceous of the Eastern Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan
Published: 2020-02-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate deep-marine systems (mixed systems) are less documented in the geological record than pure siliciclastic systems. The similarities and differences between these systems are therefore poorly understood. A well-exposed Late Cretaceous mixed system on the northern side of the Eastern Greater Caucasus (EGC), Azerbaijan, provides an opportunity to study the interaction [...]
Did sea-level change cause the switch from fissure-type to central-type volcanism at Mount Etna, Sicily?
Published: 2020-02-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
One of the most intriguing aspects of the evolution of Mount Etna (eastern Sicily) is the switch from a fissure-type shield volcano coincident with the Ionian coast to an inland cluster of nested stratovolcanoes close to the currently active centre. Previous geological studies infer that the switch reflects a tectonically-driven rearrangement of the major border faults that direct the Etnean [...]
What Role Does Hydrological Science Play in the Age of Machine Learning?
Published: 2020-02-21
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We suggest that there is a potential danger to the hydrological sciences community in not recognizing how transformative machine learning will be for the future of hydrological modeling. Given the recent success of machine learning applied to modeling problems, it is unclear what the role of hydrological theory might be in the future. We suggest that a central challenge in hydrology right now [...]
New composite bio- and isotope stratigraphies spanning the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum at tropical ODP Site 865 in the Pacific Ocean
Published: 2020-02-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Paleontology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Stratigraphy
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) at ca. 40 Ma is one of the largest of the transient Eocene global warming events. However, it is relatively poorly known from tropical settings as few sites span the entirety of the MECO event and/or host calcareous microfossils, which are the dominant proxy carrier. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Pacific Ocean Site 865 in the low-latitude North Pacific [...]
Constraints on mantle viscosity and Laurentide ice sheet evolution from pluvial paleolake shorelines in the western United States
Published: 2020-02-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The deformation pattern of the paleoshorelines of extinct Lake Bonneville were among the first features to indicate that Earths interior responds viscoelastically to changes in surface loads (Gilbert, 1885). Here we revisit and extend this classic study of isostatic rebound with updated lake chronologies for Lake Bonneville and Lake Lahontan as well as revised elevation datasets of shoreline [...]
Large-scale crustal structure beneath Singapore using receiver functions from a dense urban nodal array
Published: 2020-02-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geophysics has a role to play in the development of smart cities, for example through geohazard mitigation and subsurface imaging for underground construction. This is particularly true for Singapore, one of the worlds most densely populated countries. Imaging of Singapores subsurface is required to identify geological faults, model shaking from future earthquakes and provide a framework for [...]
Tracking Flooding Phase Transitions and Establishing a Passive Hotline with AI-Enabled Social Media Data
Published: 2020-02-21
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Flooding management requires collecting real-time onsite information widely and rapidly. As an emerging data source, social media demonstrates an advantage of providing in-time, rich data in the format of texts and photos and can be used to improve flooding situation awareness. The present study shows that social media data, with additional information processed by Artificial Intelligence (AI) [...]
Chalcophile elements track the fate of sulfur at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i
Published: 2020-02-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Chalcophile element concentrations in melt inclusions and matrix glasses may be used to investigate low pressure degassing processes, as well as sulfide saturation during crustal fractionation, and mantle melting. Erupted products from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, record three stages of sulfide saturation (in the mantle, crust, and within lava lakes), separated by episodes of sulfide resorption [...]
Impact of topography on earthquake static slip inversions
Published: 2020-02-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Our understanding of earthquakes is limited by our knowledge, and our description, of the physics of the Earth. When solving for subsurface fault slip, it is common practice to assume minimum complexity for the Earths characteristics such as topography, fault geometry and elastic properties. These characteristics are difficult to include in simulations and our knowledge of them is incomplete, [...]
The 2019 MW 5.7 Changning earthquake, Sichuan Basin, China – a shallow doublet with different faulting styles
Published: 2020-02-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The increased seismic activity of the last ~10 years in Changning county of Sichuan Province comprised just small (mostly ML < 5.0) injection-induced earthquakes. The MW 5.7 earthquake of June 17, 2019 is the largest event ever reported there. Moment tensor of the mainshock was remarkably dominated by a compensated linear vector dipole. We resolve its fine structure showing it was a doublet, [...]
Three-dimensional mineral dendrites reveal a non-classical crystallization pathway
Published: 2024-03-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Fluid Dynamics, Geochemistry, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Manganese (Mn) dendrites are a common type of mineral dendrite that typically forms two-dimensional structures on rock surfaces. Three-dimensional (3D) Mn dendrites in rocks have rarely been reported, hence their growth implications have largely escaped attention. Here, we combine high-resolution X-ray and electron-based data with numerical modelling to give the first detailed description of [...]
History of on-board equipment improvement for GNSS-A observation with focus on observation frequency
Published: 2020-02-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Global Navigation Satellite System-Acoustic ranging combination technique (GNSS-A) is a seafloor geodetic technique that enables precise global seafloor positioning to detect subseafloor geophysical phenomena. The technique requires a sea surface observation platform that combines GNSS positioning and acoustic ranging. Currently, a survey vessel is used as the platform, which entails [...]
Iron mineral dissolution releases iron and associated organic carbon during permafrost thaw
Published: 2020-02-07
Subjects: Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Microbiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
It has been shown that reactive soil minerals, specifically iron(III) (oxyhydr)oxides, can trap organic carbon in soils overlying intact permafrost, and may limit carbon mobilization and degradation as it is observed in other environments. However, the use of iron(III)-bearing minerals as terminal electron acceptors in permafrost environments and thus their stability and capacity to prevent [...]