Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Brittle origin of off-fault fractures during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence
Published: 2024-03-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
According to the classical Mohr-Coulomb-Anderson theory, faults form at an angle from the largest regional compressive stress that is approximately 30° for most rocks. However, real settings are more complex and faults often present orientations inconsistent with the angles predicted by the classical theory applied to the present-day regional stress field. The Ridgecrest region hosts a young [...]
ND70 Series Basaltic Glass Reference Materials for Volatile Element (H2O, CO2, S, Cl, F) Measurement and the C Ionisation Efficiency Suppression Effect of Water in Silicate Glasses in SIMS
Published: 2024-03-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a new set of reference materials, the ND70-series, for in situ measurement of volatile elements (H2O, CO2, S, Cl, F) in silicate glass of basaltic composition. The materials were synthesised in piston cylinders at pressures of 1 to 1.5 GPa under volatile-undersaturated conditions. They span mass fractions from 0 to 6% m/m H2O, from 0 to 1.6% m/m CO2 and from 0 to 1% m/m S, Cl and F. [...]
HydroRTC: A Web-Based Data Transfer and Communication Library for Collaborative Data Processing and Sharing in the Hydrological Domain
Published: 2024-03-19
Subjects: Education, Engineering
The exponential growth in data generated by satellites, radars, sensors, and analysis and reanalysis from model outputs for the hydrological domain requires efficient real-time data management and distribution mechanisms. This paper introduces HydroRTC, a web-based data transfer and communication library designed to accelerate large-scale data sharing and analysis. Leveraging next-generation web [...]
Reconciling ultra-emitter detections from two aerial hyperspectral imaging surveys in the Permian Basin
Published: 2024-03-16
Subjects: Engineering
Reducing methane emissions from oil and gas operations is key to minimizing the climate impact of fossil fuels. Two comprehensive aerial studies in 2019 in the Permian Basin revealed excess emissions compared to official estimates. Although both studies suggested high emissions, the estimates from the two aerial surveys seemed to differ greatly: one study measured 153 (+12/-10, 95% CI) metric [...]
On evaporation kinetics of multicomponent aerosols: Characteristic times and implications for volatility measurements.
Published: 2024-03-16
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Transport Phenomena
This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the evaporation of individual compounds from an aerosol in vapor-free conditions, demonstrating that the evaporation of mixture components is interconnected via the ratio of their characteristic times. These characteristic times are proportional to the square of the initial particle diameter and inversely proportional to the compound saturation vapor [...]
A review on how Big Data can help to monitor the environment and to mitigate risks due to climate change
Published: 2024-03-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate change triggers a wide range of hydrometeorological, glaciological and geophysical processes that span across vast spatiotemporal scales. With the advances in technology and analytics, a multitude of remote sensing, geodetic and in situ instruments have been developed to effectively monitor and help comprehend the Earth's system including its climate variability and the recent anomalies [...]
Sink of eddy energy by submesoscale sea surface temperature variability in a coupled regional model
Published: 2024-03-20
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Air-sea interaction impacts ocean energetics via modifications to the exchange of momentum and buoyancy. Prior work at the submesoscale has largely focused on mechanisms related to the eddy kinetic energy (EKE), such as the current feedback on stress, which generates negative wind work, or variations in sea surface temperature (SST) that modify surface winds. However, less is known about the [...]
An inventory of phreatomagmatic volcanoes in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Published: 2024-03-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The formation of phreatomagmatic volcanoes (PVs) usually involves small volumes of magma but also very violent eruptive activity. Along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) the basic conditions that favor water-magma interaction are provided by the presence of frequent small-volume monogenetic volcanism and several inter-montane lacustrine basins. The TMVB is a Plio-Quaternary continental [...]
Relational representation: speaking with and not about Nature
Published: 2024-03-21
Subjects: Environmental Studies
The transnational movement to recognise the rights of Nature continues to fuel experimentation by a growing number of jurisdictions in legal form, content, powers, and governance arrangements. In this paper, we focus on the mechanisms through which Nature is represented in various ways. There is enormous diversity in representational arrangements, but there is no clarity on precisely who should [...]
Navigating and attributing uncertainty in future tropical cyclone risk estimates
Published: 2024-03-22
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment
Future tropical cyclone risks will evolve due to climate change and socio-economic development, entailing substantial uncertainties. An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of these risks is thus vital, yet outcomes are influenced by the chosen model setup. This study investigates how much future tropical cyclone risks are driven by climate and socio-economic changes; quantifies the uncertainty [...]
Improved daily PM2.5 estimates in India reveal inequalities in recent enhancement of air quality
Published: 2024-04-01
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Poor ambient air quality represents a substantial threat to public health globally. However, accurate measurement of air quality remains challenging in many parts of the world, including in populous countries like India, where ground monitors are scarce yet exposure and health burdens are expected to be high. This lack of precise measurement impedes understanding of how pollution exposure changes [...]
A consistent terminology to communicate ground-related uncertainty
Published: 2024-03-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Risk Analysis, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Statistics and Probability
Engineering geology is highly affected by uncertainty related to geology, geotechnical parameters, models and methods. While the technical aspects of ground-related uncertainty are increasingly well investigated, the terminology to communicate uncertainty - e.g., “It is likely that X will happen.” - has not yet been unified and experts use it however they see fit. Due to varying experience, [...]
The Equator Project Research School and Mentoring Network: evaluated interventions to improve equity in geoscience research
Published: 2024-03-26
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
There is a well-documented racial and ethnic diversity crisis in Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (GEES) subjects in the Global North that leads to inequities in who does environmental research. The Equator project set out to increase participation and retention of UK-domiciled Black, Asian and minority ethnic students in GEES research by developing evidence-based, ring-fenced, fully [...]
Forecasting Urban Water Escherichia coli Contamination Using Machine Learning Models
Published: 2024-03-27
Subjects: Microbiology
The state of Indiana ranks first in the nation for water recreation impairments due to contaminated waterways. According to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 73% of rivers and streams and 23% of lakes and reservoirs have recreational use impairments like swimming, fishing and boating. Increased density of urban population and agricultural activities are some of the key contributors to run-off [...]
Problems with Greenhouse Gas Life Cycle Analyses of U.S. LNG Exports and Locally Produced Coal
Published: 2024-04-01
Subjects: Climate, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the United States are growing rapidly, and the United States government must balance a multiplicity of interests in deciding to what extent the growth of LNG exports should be further encouraged. Its decisions must be consistent with the Natural Gas Act, which mandates that exports of natural gas be in the public interest. In the current administration, [...]