Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Pre-breakup extension in the northern North Sea defined by complex strain partitioning and heterogeneous extension rates
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The early stages of continental rifting are accommodated by the growth of upper-crustal normal fault systems that are distributed relatively evenly across the rift width. Numerous fault systems define fault arrays, the kinematics of which are poorly understood due to a lack of regional studies drawing on high-quality subsurface data. Here we investigate the long-term (~150 Myr) growth of a [...]
Investigating potential icequakes at Llaima volcano, Chile
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Glacially- and magmatically-derived seismic events have been noted to heavily overlap in characteristics, thus there exists the potential for false-alarms or missed warnings at ice-covered volcanoes. Here we present the first study to specifically target icequakes at an ice-covered volcano in Southern Chile. Two months of broadband seismic data collected at Llaima volcano in 2015 were analyzed in [...]
Verifying pore network models of imbibition in rocks using time-resolved synchrotron imaging
Published: 2019-10-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
At the pore scale, slow invasion of a wetting fluid in porous materials is often modelled with quasi-static approximations which only consider capillary forces in the form of simple pore filling rules. The appropriateness of this approximation, often applied in pore network models, is contested in literature, reflecting the difficulty of predicting imbibition relative permeability with these [...]
Distributed normal faulting in the tip zone of the South Alkyonides Fault System, Gulf of Corinth, constrained using 36Cl exposure dating of Late-Quaternary wave-cut platforms.
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
In order to investigate the geometry, rates and kinematics of active faulting in the region close to the tip of a major crustal-scale normal fault in the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, we have mapped faults and dated their offsets using a combination of 234U/230Th coral dates and in situ 36Cl cosmogenic exposure ages for sediments and wave-cut platforms deformed by the faults. Our results show that [...]
Over 1000 rivers accountable for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
Plastic waste increasingly accumulates in the marine environment, but data on the distribution and quantification of riverine sources, required for development of effective mitigation, are limited. Our new model approach includes geographical distributed data on plastic waste, landuse, wind, precipitation and rivers and calculates the probability for plastic waste to reach a river and [...]
Machine Learning for Inferring CO2 Fluxes: The New Metaphysics of Neural Nets
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The advent of direct high-resolution global surface measurements of CO2 from the recently launched NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) satellite offers an opportunity to improve the estimate of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) over land. Long-term measurements of CO2flux obtained from eddy covariance instruments on Flux towers show large annual differences with NEE calculated by inverse methods [...]
Complex Rupture of an Immature Fault Zone: A Simultaneous Kinematic Model of the 2019 Ridgecrest, CA Earthquakes
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The July 4, 2019 Mw6.4 and subsequent July 6, 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest Sequence earthquakes ruptured orthogonal fault planes in the Little Lake Fault Zone, a low slip rate (1 mm/yr) dextral fault zone in the area linking the Eastern California Shear Zone and Walker Lane. This region accommodates nearly one fourth of plate boundary motion and has been proposed to be an incipient transform fault [...]
Dynamic fault parameters preprint
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The behavior of faults under dynamic loading reflects the response of the shape and composition of the fault to the applied mechanical loading and environmental conditions. The interaction between the fault properties and the loading system is controlled by multiple variables that may generate an inherently complex behavior. The usage of multi-parametric variables can illuminate the controlling [...]
Major-element composition of sediments in terms of weathering and provenance: Implications for crustal recycling
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The elemental composition of a sediment is set by the composition of its protolith and modified by weathering, sorting, and diagenesis. An important problem is deconvolving these contributions to a sediment’s composition to arrive at information about processes that operate on the Earth’s surface. We approach this problem by developing a predictive and invertible model of sedimentary [...]
Inheritance of penetrative basement anisotropies by extension-oblique faults: Insights from analogue experiments
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
During rifting, pre-existing penetrative basement fabrics can affect new faults in cover rocks by a mechanism that does not appear to involve reactivation. This subtle form of inheritance can significantly impact fault network architecture in rift basins above laterally variable basement domains with geomechanical anisotropies. Here we use multi-layer, brittle-ductile, crustal-scale analogue [...]
Intermittent fluid connectivity during two-phase flow in a heterogeneous carbonate rock
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Subsurface fluid flow is ubiquitous in nature, and understanding the interaction of multiple fluids as they flow within a porous medium is central to many geological, environmental, and industrial processes. It is assumed that the flow pathways of each phase are invariant when modelling subsurface flow using Darcys law extended to multiphase flow; a condition that is assumed to be valid during [...]
Network topology and rainfall controls on the variability of combined sewer overflows and loads
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
Water and pollutant fluxes from combined sewer overflows (CSO) have a significant impact on receiving waters. The random nature of rainfall forcing dominates the variability of sewer discharges, pollutant loads, and concentrations. An analytical model developed here, shows how sewer network topology and rainfall properties variously impact the stochasticity of CSO functioning. Probability [...]
PYRENAIC ROCK GLACIERS: AN AIRBORNE AND MULTITEMPORAL LiDAR MONITORING CASE STUDY IN THE BESIBERRI AREA
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The monitoring of rock glaciers is a current subject of interest because of its application as permafrost indicator and its sensitivity to climatic changes (especially temperature and precipitation). Alpine rock glaciers in the Pyrenees have been described by various authors, but to study them regionally has been a challenge since most of these studies are based on ground-based techniques. Two [...]
Rotation, narrowing, and preferential reactivation of brittle structures during oblique rifting
Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Occurrence of multiple faults populations with contrasting orientations in oblique continental rifts and passive margins has long sparked debate about relative timing of deformation events and tectonic interpretations. Here, we use high-resolution three-dimensional thermo-mechanical numerical modeling to characterize the evolution of the structural style associated with varying geometries of [...]
The 2018 Fiji Mw 8.2 and 7.9 deep earthquakes: one doublet in two slabs
Published: 2019-10-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The cold Fiji-Tonga subduction zone accounts for >75% of cataloged deep earthquakes but none of the largest ten in the last century. On 19 August 2018 and 06 September 2018, a deep earthquake doublet with moment magnitude (Mw) 8.2 and 7.9 struck the Fiji area, providing a rare opportunity to interrogate the behaviors of great deep earthquakes in cold slabs. By cursory examination, the doublet [...]