Preprints
Search for earthquake (504 results)
Earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility in Italy by means of Artificial Neural Network
Published: 2021-01-18
Subjects: Geomorphology
The use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approaches has gained a significant role over the last decade in the field of predicting the distribution of effects triggered by natural forcing, this being particularly relevant for the development of adequate risk mitigation strategies. Among the most critical features of these approaches, there are the accurate geolocation of the available data as [...]
Earthquake rupture on multiple splay faults and its effect on tsunamis
Published: 2021-01-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Detailed imaging of accretionary wedges reveals splay fault networks that could pose a significant tsunami hazard. However, the dynamics of multiple splay fault activation during megathrust earthquakes and the consequent effects on tsunami generation are not well understood. We use a 2-D dynamic rupture model with complex topo-bathymetry and six curved splay fault geometries constrained from [...]
Landslide size matters: a new spatial predictive paradigm
Published: 2021-01-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The standard definition of landslide hazard requires the estimation of where, when (or how frequently) and how large a given landslide event may be. The geomorphological community involved in statistical models has addressed the component pertaining to how large a landslide event may be by introducing the concept of landslide-event magnitude scale. This scale, which depends on the planimetric [...]
Comments on “On the reported magnetic precursor of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake” by J.N. Thomas, J.J. Love, and M.J.S. Johnston
Published: 2021-01-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Thomas et al. (2009) (hereafter TLJ09) attempt to cast doubt upon the report by FraserSmith et al. (1990) (hereafter FS90) of unusual large-amplitude ultra-low frequency (ULF; f < 10 Hz) magnetic fields preceding the M ~7 Loma Prieta earthquake. TLJ09 suggest there are instrumental problems with FS90’s data that we, the designers, builders and long-term operators of the equipment, are presumed to [...]
Spectral element modelling of seismic wave propagation in visco-elastoplastic media including excess-pore pressure development
Published: 2021-01-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering
Numerical modelling of seismic wave propagation, considering soil nonlinearity, has become a major topic in seismic hazard studies when strong shaking is involved under particular soil conditions. Indeed, when strong ground motion propagates in saturated soils, pore pressure is another important parameter to take into account when successive phases of contractive and dilatant soil behaviour are [...]
Evaluation of the Grillo sensor, a low-cost accelerometer for IoT-based Real-time seismology
Published: 2021-01-02
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEMS) accelerometers are useful for real-time seismology due to their ability to record strong, unsaturated seismic signals. Recent advances in MEMS technologies enable design of instruments with improved capabilities that also allow recording of small signals. As a result, MEMS can be useful across a broad dynamic range and for both major earthquakes and smaller [...]
The 2020 Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada earthquake: relocated seismicity shows rupture of a complete shear-crack system
Published: 2020-12-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
The predominant model for earthquake faulting is a shear crack, including surrounding damage zones. Observation of this complete shear crack system at seismogenic depth, however, has been elusive. Shear cracks with damage zones are related to fault formation and growth, and earthquake rupture physics and size, but observational and analytical limitations impede use of the shear crack paradigm in [...]
Bookshelf Kinematics and the Effect of Dilatation on Fault Zone Inelastic Deformation: Examples from Optical Image Correlation Measurements of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Published: 2020-12-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence initiated on July 4th with a series of foreshocks, including a Mw 6.4 event, that culminated a day later with the Mw 7.1 mainshock and resulted in rupture of a set of cross-faults. Here we use sub-pixel correlation of optical satellite imagery to measure the displacement, finite strain and rotation of the near-field coseismic deformation to understand the [...]
Global models for short-term earthquake forecasting and predictive skill assessment
Published: 2020-12-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present rigorous tests of global short-term earthquake forecasts using Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence models with two different time kernels (one with exponentially tapered Omori kernel (ETOK) and another with linear magnitude dependent Omori kernel (MDOK)). The tests are conducted with three different magnitude cutoffs for the auxiliary catalog (M3, M4 or M5) and two different magnitude [...]
Initial model construction for intermediate-period full-waveform inversion of the contiguous US and surrounding regions
Published: 2020-12-15
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Contiguous US is one of regions well instrumented with broadband seismic stations due to the deployment of the EarthScope Transportable Array. Previous studies have provided various 3D seismic wave speed models for the crust and upper mantle with improving resolution. However, discrepancies exist between these models due to the differences in both data sets and tomographic methods, which [...]
Anatomy of Strike Slip Fault Tsunami-genesis
Published: 2020-12-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Fluid Dynamics, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Tsunami generation from earthquake induced seafloor deformations has long been recognized as a major hazard to coastal areas. Strike-slip faulting has generally been believed as insufficient for triggering large tsunamis, except through the generation of submarine landslides. Herein, we demonstrate that ground motions due to strike-slip earthquakes can contribute to the emergence of large [...]
Mapping Landslides With a Generalized Convolutional Neural Network
Published: 2020-12-13
Subjects: Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Risk Analysis
Landslides are a common secondary hazard triggered by major earthquakes or extreme rainfall events in steep terrains. Rapid mapping of event landslides is crucial to identify the areas affected by damages as well as for effective disaster response. Traditionally, such maps are generated with visual interpretation of remote sensing imagery (manned/unmanned airborne systems or spaceborne sensors) [...]
Recording earthquakes for tomographic imaging of the mantle beneath the South Pacific by autonomous MERMAID floats
Published: 2020-12-02
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We present the first 16 months of data returned from a mobile array of 16 freely floating diving instruments, named MERMAID for Mobile Earthquake Recording in Marine Areas by Independent Divers, launched in French Polynesia in late 2018. Our 16 are a subset of the 50 MERMAID deployed over a number of cruises in this vast and understudied oceanic province as part of the collaborative South Pacific [...]
Cascadia megathrust earthquake rupture model constrained by geodetic fault locking
Published: 2020-11-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Paleo-earthquakes along the Cascadia subduction zone inferred from offshore sediments and Japan coastal tsunami deposits approximated to M9+ and ruptured the entire margin. However, due to the lack of modern megathrust earthquake records and generally quiescence of subduction fault seismicity, the potential megathrust rupture scenario and influence of downdip limit of the seismogenic zone are [...]
Double-difference earthquake relocation using waveform cross-correlation in Central and East Java, Indonesia (Preprint)
Published: 2020-11-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
The Central and East Java region, which is part of the Sunda Arc, has relatively high seismic rates due to the convergence of two major tectonic plates in the Indonesian region; i.e., the Indo-Australian Plate subducting under the Eurasian Plate. Many devastating earthquakes have occurred in this area as a result of the interaction between these two plates. Two examples are the 1994 Banyuwangi [...]