Preprints
Search for science and technology (84 results)
Dynamic estuarine Chlorophyll-a estimation-based time series harmonized Landsat- Sentinel images
Published: 2025-12-12
Subjects: Environmental Studies
This research develops a vigorous approach to estimate Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in the dynamic, optically complex waters (or Case 2 water including coastal waters, estuaries and inland water bodies) of Ganh Rai Bay, Vietnam by leveraging time series harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (TM-HLS) imagery. One of the fundamental challenges while conducting this method to compute Chl-a signal [...]
Associations between Climate Change and Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review
Published: 2025-12-03
Subjects: Public Health
Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major driver of infectious disease dynamics, influencing disease distribution, seasonality, and outbreak intensity. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on how climate variability affects infectious diseases and evaluates predictive modeling approaches. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for [...]
The Data Behind AI Coastal Forecasting: Inputs, Sources, and Preprocessing Approaches
Published: 2025-11-13
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Oceanography
Coastal zones, shaped by marine and terrestrial processes, are home to over 40% of the global population and contribute significantly to the global economy. However, their attractiveness also makes them vulnerable to extreme coastal water levels (ECWLs), which can lead to catastrophic flooding. ECWLs, driven by sea-level changes, waves, and tidal variations, have become more frequent and severe [...]
Rheological control on earthquake source kinematics and dynamics at the Hengill geothermal field
Published: 2025-11-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We analyze seismic source parameters of the induced earthquakes at the Hengill (Iceland) between 2018 and 202 to investigate rupture processes in a complex volcanic–geothermal setting. Our analysis reveals a source scaling relation that deviates from the commonly assumed M0 ∝ fc^-3. By combining stress tensor orientation, lithostatic and hydrostatic pressure, and frictional strength estimates, we [...]
Emerging AI Solutions for Hazardous PET Waste in Marine Environments: A Review of Underexplored Paradigms
Published: 2025-11-06
Subjects: Engineering
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pollution, due to its persistence, chemical recalcitrance, and widespread usage, represents a growing hazard to marine ecosystems. Its accumulation contributes to long-term ecotoxicological risks, food chain contamination, and environmental degradation. Addressing this challenge necessitates the adoption of scalable, efficient, and intelligent strategies for [...]
Factors Affecting Aboveground Carbon Storage in Mixed Oak-Pine Forests: A Multiple Regression Analysis of Southeastern U.S. Forest Inventory Data
Published: 2025-11-02
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Forest Biology, Forest Management, Multivariate Analysis, Natural Resources and Conservation, Plant Sciences, Statistical Models
This study investigated the factors affecting aboveground carbon storage in mixed oak-pine forests of the southeastern United States, with a particular focus on the influence of stand age. Using data from 946 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots collected from 2009 to 2019, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the relative importance of various forest and topographic [...]
Intermittent supershear rupture punctuated by barrier-induced stopping phase during the 2025 Mw 7.8 Myanmar Earthquake: Evidence from near-fault strong motion observation
Published: 2025-10-24
Subjects: Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Supershear rupture has been investigated by many studies, yet its exact characteristics during natural earthquakes are not fully clear, due to the paucity of near-field constraints. Here we analyze the strong motion data recorded at a near-fault station during the 2025 Mw 7.8 Myanmar earthquake to estimate the detailed source process around that station. By comparing simulated velocity waveforms [...]
Rethinking livestock futures: Integrating climate impacts and genomic technologies into global food security models
Published: 2025-10-23
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Other Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
With the projected increase in the global population and food demand on a planet in climate crisis, the debate about the role of livestock continues to intensify. Animals farmed for food are both a victim and a contributor of climate change (CC), with animals suffering from heat stress due to CC but also a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Livestock studies have demonstrated [...]
Strike-slip restraining screwed fault geometry reconstructed from the 2025 Myanmar earthquake
Published: 2025-08-25
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a fault surface model of the 2025 Mw 7.7 Myanmar earthquake based on the potency density tensor inversion (PDTI) of teleseismic P-waves combined with surface reconstruction from distributed potency tensor solutions. Our source model demonstrates that the earthquake fault is twisted, varying the dip angle along strike. Inferred fault twists are prominent near fault-segment junctions, [...]
Decadal Trends in Seasonal Climatic Variables in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Non-Parametric Approach Using the Mann-Kendall Test
Published: 2025-08-21
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Background: Coastal cities like Dar es Salaam face an increasing vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate variability, including urban flooding, heat stress, and altered water availability. Examining the temporal evolution of key climatic variables is critical to informing adaptive strategies and promoting sustainable urban development. Methods: Decadal seasonal trends in rainfall, daytime [...]
Bayesian Estimation of Paleoearthquake Magnitudes in the Central Apennines
Published: 2025-08-21
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Paleoseismic data provide critical constraints on earthquake recurrence where instrumental records are limited, but magnitude estimation from geologic evidence requires careful treatment of measurement uncertainties. We develop a Bayesian method with application to the estimation of paleoearthquake magnitudes in the central Apennines, Italy, by jointly analyzing rupture length (L), slip (S), and [...]
The Grand Challenges of WPI-AIMEC: Executive Summary
Published: 2025-08-21
Subjects: Biodiversity, Biology, Climate, Databases and Information Systems, Earth Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geographic Information Sciences, Marine Biology, Nature and Society Relations, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Planetary Biogeochemistry, Remote Sensing, Sustainability
The ocean has a heat capacity 1,000 times greater than that of the atmosphere and stores 50 times more carbon comparatively, thus, constituting a major sink of anthropogenically released greenhouse gases. Warming effects of human activities on the climate system are now undeniably shown to impact marine life and ecosystems, both directly via warming of the ocean and/or indirectly altering ocean [...]
High-ambition climate action in all sectors can achieve a 60% greenhouse gas emissions reduction in Korea by 2035
Published: 2025-08-13
Subjects: Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Under the Paris Agreement’s ratchet mechanism, countries are expected to enhance their nationally determined contributions (NDCs), including new targets for 2035. For Korea, one of the world’s largest CO2 emitters, the challenge is to strengthen its existing policy framework to not only ensure the achievement of its 2030 NDC but also support a more ambitious 2035 pathway. This study employs an [...]
Comment on "Mineral-water reactions in Earth's mantle: Predictions from Born theory and ab initio molecular dynamics" by Fowler et al. 2024 (Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 372, 111-123)
Published: 2025-08-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This comment addresses discrepancies in dielectric constant calculations of water under extreme conditions ( ~10 GPa and 1000 K) between Fowler et al.'s recent study [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 372, 111-123 (2024)] and the earlier work by Pan et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 6646–6650 (2013)]. Through reproduced ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations using the CP2K code with extended [...]
Carbon removal trading can promote economic growth in the Global South but could undermine food and energy security
Published: 2025-07-06
Subjects: Engineering
A fundamental mismatch between countries’ carbon dioxide removal (CDR) responsibilities and their domestic capacities to fulfil them poses a major challenge to achieving the Paris Agreement’s long-term temperature goal. Interregional CDR trade offers a solution, yet there has been no quantitative assessment of how such trade could reshape the economies of exporting regions and impact their [...]