Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Real-Time High-Rate GNSS Displacements: Performance Demonstration During the 2019 Ridgecrest, CA Earthquakes
Published: 2019-08-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Traditional real-time seismology has relied on inertial sensors to characterize ground motions and earthquake sources, particularly for hazards applications such as warning systems. In the past decade, a revolution in high-rate, real-time Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) displacement have provided a new source of data to augment traditional measurement devices. The Ridgecrest, California [...]
Variations in sub-daily precipitation at centennial scale
Published: 2019-08-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Short-term precipitation events with high intensities govern the dynamics of numerous fast hydrological processes like flash floods in urban areas and soil erosion in agriculture. It is expected that precipitation events will intensify as a consequence of climate change. Due to data availability long-term variations in precipitation rates are mostly studied based on daily precipitation recordings [...]
High-resolution terrestrial climate, bioclimate and vegetation for the last 120,000 years
Published: 2019-08-14
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Paleobiology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The variability of climate has profoundly impacted a wide range of macroecological processes in the Late Quaternary. Our understanding of these has greatly benefited from palaeoclimate simulations, however, high-quality reconstructions of ecologically relevant climatic variables have been limited to a few selected time periods, thus impeding continuous time analyses. Here, we present a 0.5° [...]
Progradational Slope Architecture and Sediment Partitioning in the Outcropping Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Bone Spring Formation, Permian Basin, west Texas
Published: 2019-08-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sediment transport and partitioning are important for understanding slope-building processes in mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sediment routing systems. The Permian-aged Bone Spring Formation, Delaware Basin, west Texas is a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic system that has been extensively studied in its basinal extent, but poorly constrained at its proximal, upper slope segment. In this study, we [...]
Scale matters: The influence of structural inheritance on fracture patterns
Published: 2019-08-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fracture systems are often geometrically invariant across a range of scales, but the impact of structural inheritance on this relationship is poorly understood. This paper shows how fracture orientations in sedimentary rocks vary at different scales when influenced by pre-rift basement structures. We use high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) orthophotos to map folds and fractures in the [...]
Spatial variation of groundwater response to multiple drivers in a depleting alluvial aquifer system, northwestern India
Published: 2019-08-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management
Unsustainable exploitation of groundwater in northwestern India has led to extreme but spatially variable depletion of the alluvial aquifer system in the region. Mitigation and management of groundwater resources require an understanding of the drivers behind the pattern and magnitude of groundwater depletion, but a regional perspective on these drivers has been lacking. The objectives of this [...]
Empirical Green’s Function Retrieval using Cross-correlation of Ambient Noise Correlations (C2)
Published: 2019-08-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Empirical Greens function (EGF) retrieval commonly relies on cross-correlating the long-term ambient seismic wavefield that is simultaneously recorded at multiple stations. Recent studies have demonstrated observationally that cross-correlating the coda of ambient noise cross-correlation functions (C3) enables reconstruction of the EGFs, regardless of the operating time of the stations. In this [...]
A century of reduced ENSO variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly
Published: 2019-08-12
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate model simulations of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) behavior for the last millennium demonstrate interdecadal to centennial changes in ENSO variability that can arise purely from stochastic processes internal to the climate system. That said, the instrumental record of ENSO does not have the temporal coverage needed to capture the full range of natural ENSO variability observed in [...]
Convergent human and climate forcing of late-Holocene flooding in northwest England
Published: 2019-08-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geography, Geomorphology, Physical and Environmental Geography, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Concern is growing that climate change may amplify global flood risk but short hydrological data series hamper hazard assessment. Lake sediment reconstructions are capturing a fuller picture of rare, high-magnitude events but the UK has produced few lake palaeoflood records. We report the longest lake-derived flood reconstruction for the UK to date, a 1500-year record from Brotherswater, [...]
Climatic patterns over the European Alps during the LGM derived from inversion of the paleo-ice extent
Published: 2019-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Glaciology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Quaternary climate has been dominated by alternating glacial and interglacial periods. While the timing and extent of past ice caps are well documented, local variations in temperature and precipitation as a response to cyclic glaciations are not resolved. Resolving these issues is necessary for understanding regional and global climate circulation. In particular, how did the cold [...]
The influence of structural inheritance and multiphase extension on rift development, the northern North Sea
Published: 2019-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The northern North Sea rift evolved through multiple rift phases within a highly heterogeneous crystalline basement. The geometry and evolution of syn-rift depocentres during this multiphase evolution, and the mechanisms and extent to which they were influenced by pre-existing structural heterogeneities remain elusive, particularly at the regional scale. Using an extensive database of [...]
Mass-transport complexes (MTCs) document minibasin subsidence patterns and diapir evolution in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Published: 2019-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Mass-transport complexes (MTCs) dominate many salt-influenced sedimentary basins. Commonly in such settings, halokinesis is invoked as the primarily trigger for MTC emplacement. Despite being very well-imaged in seismic reflection data, we know little of how MTCs vary in terms of their sedimentological character, which may relate to their provenance, or their triggers. We use high-quality 3D [...]
Deep-water reservoir distribution on a salt-influenced slope, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil
Published: 2019-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Studies of near-seabed datasets show that salt tectonics controls the distribution and architecture of deep-water reservoirs in many salt-influenced basins. It is typically difficult, however, to study the distribution and stratigraphic evolution of depositional systems preserved at deeper, economically significant depths, reflecting poor seismic imaging of steeply dipping strata flanking [...]
Control of heterogeneous, layered successions on shallow-level magma emplacement and host rock deformation
Published: 2019-08-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Host rock deformation in active volcanic settings can signal and be used to constrain magma emplacement. Yet it is difficult to evaluate the accuracy of intrusion parameters derived from inversion of deformation signals because we cannot test estimates by directly accessing the magma body. Physical modelling is thus critical to understanding how intrusion translates into host rock deformation, [...]
Small baseline InSAR time series analysis: Unwrapping error correction and noise reduction
Published: 2019-08-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a review of small baseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series analysis with a new processing workflow and software implemented in Python, named MintPy (https://github.com/insarlab/MintPy). The time series analysis is formulated as a weighted least squares inversion. The inversion is unbiased for a fully connected network of interferograms without multiple [...]