Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Assessing Decadal Variability of Subseasonal Forecasts of Opportunity using Explainable AI
Published: 2023-06-07
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Identifying predictable states of the climate system allows for enhanced prediction skill on the generally low-skill subseasonal timescale via forecasts with higher confidence and accuracy, known as forecasts of opportunity. This study takes a neural network approach to explore decadal variability of subseasonal predictability, particularly during forecasts of opportunity. Specifically, this work [...]
Automated shear-wave splitting analysis for single- and multi- layer anisotropic media
Published: 2023-06-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Shear-wave velocity anisotropy is present throughout the earth. The strength and orientation of anisotropy can be observed by shear-wave splitting (birefringence) accumulated between earthquake sources and receivers. Seismic deployments are getting ever larger, increasing the number of earthquakes detected and the number of source-receiver pairs. Here, we present a new software package, SWSPy, [...]
Climate controls on compound solar and wind droughts in Australia
Published: 2023-06-07
Subjects: Climate, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Solar and wind power are central to Australia’s renewable energy future, which implies an energy sector vulnerable to weather and climate variability. Alignment of weather systems and the influence of large-scale climate modes of variability risks widespread reductions in solar and wind resources, and could induce grid-wide impacts. We therefore systematically analyse the relationship between [...]
Investigating the Relationship Between Sea Surface Temperature and the Mechanical Efficiency of Tropical Cyclones
Published: 2023-06-07
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Previous studies have investigated how sea surface temperature (SST) affects the potential intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, this is an upper bound only on the maximum near-surface azimuthal winds, and does not fully account for the effects of atmospheric moisture. Potential intensity might not vary in the same way as the total kinetic energy (WKE) of a TC would with changing SST. [...]
Learning generative models for geostatistical facies simulation based on a single training image
Published: 2023-06-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Characterization of subsurface reservoirs often requires geological facies models to identify areas with favorable rock properties. With the development of computing powers, deep learning approaches, such as the generative adversarial networks (GANs), became widely used for simulating complex geological models. However, training of the GANs typically requires a large quantity of training data for [...]
Despite a century of warming, increased snowfall has buffered the ice phenology of North America’s largest high-elevation lake against climate change
Published: 2023-06-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Lakes are sentinels of environmental change. In cold climates, lake ice phenology—the timing and duration of ice cover during winter—is a key control on ecosystem function. Ice phenology is likely driven by a complex interplay between physical characteristics and climatic conditions. Under climate change, lakes are generally freezing later, melting out earlier, and experiencing a shorter duration [...]
Considerations for Regional Simulations of Seaweed Carbon Dioxide Removal
Published: 2023-06-01
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
There is a growing interest in sequestering carbon dioxide via cultivation and sinking of seaweed in the ocean. Robust quantification of the viability of this marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) strategy requires deployment and interrogation of computer simulations that resolve coupling between turbulent oceanic circulation, biogeochemical fluxes, and cultivated seaweed with regional [...]
Artificial Energy General Intelligence AEGI
Published: 2023-06-01
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Artificial Energy General Intelligence (AEGI) is a natural progression of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) that caters to the energy industry. It is crucial to optimize the entire value chain involved in generating, transporting, and storing energy for the betterment of humanity, the environment, industry, and the scientific community. Most research efforts focus on a specific area of the [...]
A diffuse interface method for earthquake rupture dynamics based on a phase-field model
Published: 2023-06-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In traditional modeling approaches, earthquakes are often depicted as displacement discontinuities across zero-thickness surfaces embedded within a linear elastodynamic continuum. This simplification, however, overlooks the intricate nature of natural fault zones and may fail to capture key physical phenomena integral to fault processes. Here, we propose a diffuse interface description for [...]
Full vector inversion of magnetic microscopy images using Euler deconvolution as a priori information
Published: 2023-06-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Paleomagnetic data are usually obtained from whole cylindric samples, where the signal results from the sum of magnetic moments from hundreds of thousands to millions of magnetic particles within the sample volume. This usually includes both stable and unstable remanence carriers. Recently, magnetic microscopy techniques allowed the investigation of individual grains by directly imaging their [...]
The Impact of the Three-Dimensional Structure of a Subduction Zone on Time-dependent Crustal Deformation Measured by HR-GNSS
Published: 2023-06-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurately modeling time-dependent coseismic crustal deformation as observed on high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System (HR-GNSS) lends insight into earthquake source processes and improves local earthquake and tsunami early warning algorithms. Currently, time-dependent crustal deformation modeling relies most frequently on simplified 1D radially symmetric Earth models. However, for shallow [...]
Subduction initiation triggered the Caribbean Large Igneous Province
Published: 2023-06-01
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
While subduction is known to be the primary driving force of plate tectonics, the mechanisms leading to the formation of new subduction zones remain debated. Here, we use large scale D geodynamic numerical models to simulate the evolution of the Cretaceous Caribbean region, a locus where the eastern Pacific subduction system triggered the formation of a new subduction zone eventually reaching the [...]
Decompression and Fracturing Caused by Magmatically Induced Thermal Stresses
Published: 2023-05-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Studies of host rock deformation around magmatic intrusions usually focus on the development of stresses directly related to the intrusion process. This is done either by considering an inflating region that represents the intruding body, or by considering multiphase deformation. Thermal processes, especially volume changes caused by thermal expansion are typically ignored. We show that thermal [...]
Discovery of a 15-kilometer-wide impact crater candidate in western Saudi Arabia
Published: 2023-05-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geology
There are few reports on impact craters in Saudi Arabia. This paper aims to fill a gap in the literature in this area. Using satellite imaging, a circular structure with a diameter of approximately 15 kilometers was detected on the edge of Harrat Rahat volcanic field in western Saudi Arabia. Fieldwork showed that the circular structure is a newly-discovered comet impact crater candidate, this [...]
Comment on ‘The magmatic architecture and evolution of the Chang’e-5 lunar basalts’ Penny E. Wieser1, Christy Till2, Adam Kent3, Matthew Gleeson1
Published: 2023-05-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Luo et al.1 present exciting new data on lunar basalt samples erupted at ~2 Ga, and brought to Earth by the Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission. These samples offer important new opportunities to understand lunar magmatic systems. Luo et al.1 use Clinopyroxene-Liquid (Cpx-Liq) thermobarometry and pMELTS modelling of mineral compositions to determine the pressures (P) and temperatures (T) of magma storage on [...]