Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Metabasic Rocks as Important Nitrogen Carriers to Forearc Depths: Implications for Deep Nitrogen Cycling
Published: 2023-06-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding deep nitrogen (N) cycling better requires investigating the delivery of N to subduction systems via various lithologies. Input to subduction zones through mafic rocks is more voluminous and massive as compared to sedimentary rocks which calls for a thorough investigation of the behavior of N in metabasic rocks. Here we estimate the delivery of N to subduction zones at fore-arc [...]
Assessing the relative importance of methane super-emitters and diffuse area sources in quantifying total emissions for oil and gas production areas in Algeria
Published: 2023-06-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Methane emissions from oil and gas production provide an important and partly mitigable contribution to anthropogenic global warming. Here, we investigate 2020 emissions from the largest gas field in Algeria, Hassi R'Mel, and the oil production dominated area of Hassi Messaoud. We first use methane data from the high-resolution (20 m) Sentinel-2 instrument to identify eleven point source [...]
Pb diffusion in magnetite: dating magnetite crystallization and the timing of remanent magnetization in banded iron formation
Published: 2023-06-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The ferrimagnetic mineral magnetite (Fe3O4) is abundant in banded iron formation (BIFs), and has the potential to provide U-Pb or Pb-Pb age information on these rocks because it incorporates small amounts of U during growth. Combined with age measurements, paleomagnetic studies of BIF magnetites may also yield insight into the history of Earth’s magnetic field and its relationship to early [...]
Water discharge and sediment flux intermittency in the fluvial Escanilla Formation, Spain: Implications for changes in stratigraphic architecture
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Water discharge and sediment flux variations are important parameters controlling the morphodynamical behavior of rivers. Although quantitative estimates for discharge and flux variability are well constrained for modern rivers, far fewer assessments of flow and sediment flux intermittency in ancient fluvial systems from the rock record are available. In this study we explore the relationship [...]
Is there Information in Residuals: Hydrograph and Recession Flows Predictions using Deep Learning?
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines streamflow simulations using deep learning (DL) to: (1) Understand why global DL models trained on multiple watersheds outperform local DL models trained on single watersheds, given the watershed uniqueness hypothesis and (2) Improve recession flow simulation accuracy. It introduces a novel global-local (GL) modeling strategy, where global model outputs are fed as input to a [...]
Tectonic-metamorpic evolution of the Cretaceous Kluane Schist, southwest Yukon
Published: 2023-06-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A wealth of information regarding the Mesozoic evolution of the Northern Canadian and Alaskan Cordillera is held within a series of variably metamorphosed and deformed Jura-Cretaceous basins. Located at the interface between the pericratonic Intermontane and exotic Insular terranes, these basins may prove key to understanding the timing and tectonic style of Insular terrane accretion, a topic of [...]
Geochemistry, classification characteristics and mineralization potential of Pegmatites from Oke Ode, Kwara-State, Northeastern, Nigeria: implications for provenance and weathering history
Published: 2023-06-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Geochemical analysis of eight (8) representative pegmatite samples reveals high silica (SiO2) 56-62.05 wt % and alumina (Al2O3) 6.80-8.39 wt % contents. The alumina (Al2O3) is greater than the alkali Na2O + K2O +CaO in all the rock samples by values ranging between 0.79 and 1.25wt % implying that the rocks are peraluminous. MgO (0.00-0.00wt%), CaO (1.65-1.86wt %) and Fe2O3 (2.89-3.86 wt %) have [...]
Modeling the behaviour of sulfur in magmatic systems from source to surface: Application to Whakaari/White Island, Aotearoa New Zealand, and Etna, Italy
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Our understanding of the role of volcanoes in the global sulfur cycle and how volcanic gas emissions can be used to monitor volcanoes is limited by the complex interactions between hydrothermal systems and volcanic sulfur emissions. Hydrothermal systems influence the amount and speciation of volcanogenic sulfur, which is ultimately released to the surface/atmosphere via a range of physicochemical [...]
Automated detecting, segmenting and measuring of grains in images of fluvial sediments: The potential for large and precise data from specialist deep learning models and transfer learning
Published: 2023-06-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The size of sedimentary particles in rivers bears information on the sediment entrainment or deposition mechanisms and the hydraulic conditions controlling them. However, collecting such data from coarse-grained sediments is work intensive, both in the field and remotely. Therefore, attention has turned to machine learning models to improve the data acquisition. Despite their success, current [...]
Projected Changes in Hot, Dry and Compound Hot-Dry Extremes over Global Land Regions
Published: 2023-06-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The impacts of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes are significant for societies, economies and ecosystems worldwide. Such events therefore need to be assessed in the light of anthropogenic climate change so that suitable adaptation measures can be implemented by governments and stakeholders. Here we show a comprehensive analysis of hot, dry and compound hot-dry extremes over global land [...]
From space-time landslide susceptibility to landslide risk forecast
Published: 2023-06-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The literature on landslide susceptibility is rich with examples that span a large number of topics. However, the component that pertains to the extension of the susceptibility framework toward space-time modeling is largely unexplored. This statement is even more valid when looking at the landslide risk context, where hardly any scientific contribution investigates risk dynamics in space and [...]
Atmospheric CH4 Dynamics of South-West Bangladesh: A Google Earth Engine-Based Remote Sensing Approach
Published: 2023-06-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A severe contributor to global warming, Methane (CH4) is a significant element of Green House Gases (GHGs). Both anthropogenic and natural sources are responsible for its emission. The development of satellites for remote sensing has made it convenient to study the spatiotemporal distribution of any gaseous component. Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) integrated with Sentinel-5 [...]
Characterising the flow-boundary zone in fluidised granular currents
Published: 2023-06-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs) are hazardous flows of hot gas and volcanic particles which have a diverse range of flow behaviours and depositional mechanisms. Here we use defluidising granular currents, analogous to dense PDCs, to examine the region known in the volcanological literature as the flow-boundary zone. This consists of the lower part of the current and upper part of its [...]
GIS-Based Modelling of Soil Erosion Risk categories County Antrim, Northern Ireland
Published: 2023-06-08
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Soil erosion is one of the major global concerns. Such a process can occur naturally, at different rates. However, under extreme conditions, soil erosion can accelerate and present a risk to ecosystems, loss of food supply (loss of agricultural lands), and lead to episodic landslides. The present study employs Geographic Information Systems and functions to predict possible risks connected to [...]
Universal techniques for mineral identification in thin-section
Published: 2023-06-08
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mineral identification using an optical microscope forms a key part of every introductory course in Earth Sciences. The presence or absence of particular minerals and their textural relationships to one another - that is, the visual impression of the size, shape, and arrangement of grains/crystals/particles in a rock - act as keys to the origin and evolution of the Earth system. Indeed, many [...]