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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Discharge-driven rapid bank-erosion and its impact on sediment budgeting in lower Ganga valley: Evidences from Malda district, West Bengal, India

Saptarshi Dey, Abhirup Basu, Sudeep Narayan Banerjee, et al.

Published: 2022-03-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Riverbank erosion coupled with recurrent flooding has been a persistent problem in large parts of the Eastern India. Published data on bank erosion of the Ganga River in West Bengal suggests an annual average of 8 sq. km. land-loss during 1969-1999 and that potentially affected lives of nearly a million people and destroyed various human establishments. In this study, we aim to constrain the [...]

Temporal velocity variations in the northern Hikurangi margin and the relation to slow slip

Weiwei Wang, Martha K. Savage, Alexander Yates, et al.

Published: 2022-03-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Slow slip events (SSE) have been studied in increasing detail over the last 20 years, improving our understanding of subduction zone processes. Although the relationship between SSEs and the physical properties of their surrounding materials is still not well-understood, the northern Hikurangi margin in New Zealand is the site of relatively shallow ( < 10 km deep), frequent SSEs, providing [...]

Internal Planetary Feedbacks, Mantle Dynamics, and Plate Tectonics

Adrian Lenardic, Johnny Seales

Published: 2022-03-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Sciences, Tectonics and Structure

Isolating planetary feedbacks, and feedback analysis, are prevalent aspects of climate and Earth surface process science. An under appreciation of internal planet feedbacks, and feedback analysis for plate tectonics research, motivate this chapter. We review feedbacks that influence the Earth's thermal evolution and expand them to include magmatic history and planetary water budgets. The [...]

African sand storms, blood rain, and continental mineral delivery to the Canary Islands

Valentin Rudolf Troll, Juan Carlos Carracedo, Hans Albert Gilg

Published: 2022-03-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The origin of volcanism in the Canary Islands has been a matter of controversy for decades. Discussions have hinged on whether the Canaries owe their origin to seafloor fractures associated with the Atlas Mountain range or to an underlying plume or hotspot of uprising hot material from the deep mantle. The debate has recently concluded, however, following the discovery of nannofossils preserved [...]

Cloud-based interactive susceptibility modeling of natural hazards in Google Earth Engine

Giacomo Titti, Gabriele Nicola Napoli, Christian Conoscenti, et al.

Published: 2022-03-17
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We present an interactive tool for susceptibility modeling in Google Earth Engine (GEE). Our tool requires few input data and makes use of the breadth of predictors' information available in GEE. In this cloud computing environment, binary classifiers typical of susceptibility models can be called and fed with information related to mapping units and any natural hazards' distribution over the [...]

User guide of Google Earth Engine based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Tool

Surajit Ghosh, Soumya Bhattacharyya, Soham Bhattacharya

Published: 2022-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Working with Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Models: A Practical Guide

Marlon Dale Ramos, Prithvi Thakur, Yihe Huang, et al.

Published: 2022-03-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Dynamic rupture models are physics-based simulations that couple fracture mechanics to wave propagation and are used to explain specific earthquake observations or to generate a suite of predictions to understand the influence of frictional, geometrical, stress and material parameters. These simulations can model single earthquakes or multiple earthquake cycles. The objective of this paper is to [...]

The development of the eastern Orpheus rift basin, offshore eastern Canada: A case study of the interplay between rift-related faulting and salt deposition and flow

Bari Rozak Hanafi, Martha O Withjack, Michael A Durcanin, et al.

Published: 2022-03-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

The salt-rich Orpheus rift basin, part of the eastern North American (ENAM) rift system, formed during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic prior to opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Using a dense grid of 2D seismic-reflection lines, data from nearby wells, and information from adjacent ENAM rift basins, we have established a tectonostratigraphic framework, identified key structural elements, and [...]

Temporal Variability in Snow Accumulation and Density at Summit Camp, Greenland Ice Sheet

IAN HOWAT

Published: 2022-03-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A three-year record of weekly snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation at Summit Camp, central Greenland Ice Sheet, obtained by direct sampling, is presented. While the overall SWE accumulation of 24.2 cm w.e. per year matches long-term ice core estimates, variability increases at shorter time scales. Half of the annual SWE accumulation occurs during a few large events, with the average [...]

Climate control on the relationship between erosion rate and fluvial topography

Eyal Marder, Sean F Gallen

Published: 2022-03-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Conceptual and theoretical models for landscape evolution suggest that fluvial topography is sensitive to climate. However, it remains challenging to demonstrate a compelling link between fluvial topography and climate in natural landscapes. One possible reason is that many studies compare erosion rates to climate data, although theoretical studies show that, at steady state, climate is encoded [...]

Earth’s geodynamic evolution constrained by 182W in Archean seawater

Andrea Mundl-Petermeier, Sebastian Viehmann, Jonas Tusch, et al.

Published: 2022-03-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Radiogenic isotope systems are important geochemical tools to unravel geodynamic processes on Earth1. Applied to ancient marine chemical sediments such as banded iron formations (BIFs), the short-lived 182Hf-182W isotope system can serve as key instrument to decipher Earth’s geodynamic evolution. High-precision 182W isotope data of the 2.7 Ga old BIF from the Temagami Greenstone Belt, NE Canada, [...]

Mesoscale eddy variability in the CaribbeanSea

Margarita E. López-Alzate, Juan M. Sayol, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, et al.

Published: 2022-03-03
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The spatial distribution, the monthly and seasonal variability of mesoscale eddy-observations derived from the AVISO eddy atlas are assessed in the Caribbean Sea for the period between 1993 and 2019 (both included). The average lifetime for the whole set of eddies is 61.8±37.1days, mean amplitude of 7.4±4.2cm for ciclonic and 6.7±3.7cm for anticyclonic and mean radius [...]

High-resolution Ge-Si-Fe, Cr isotope and Th-U data for the Neoarchean Temagami BIF, Canada, suggest primary origin of BIF bands and oxidative terrestrial weathering 2.7 Ga ago

Michael Bau, Robert Frei, Dieter Garbe-Schoenberg, et al.

Published: 2022-03-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

ABSTRACT Unique deposits that formed in the Precambrian oceans are the Banded Iron-Formations (BIFs) which are chemical sediments comprised of alternating layers of iron- and silica-dominated precipitates. The origin of this enigmatic banding is still debated, with most favoring a primary sedimentary and a few others arguing for a secondary diagenetic origin. We here used a high-resolution [...]

Landslide susceptibility maps of Italy: lesson learnt from dealing with multiple landslide classes and the uneven spatial distribution of the national inventory

Marco Loche, Massimiliano Alvioli, Ivan Marchesini, et al.

Published: 2022-02-25
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Landslide susceptibility corresponds to the probability of landslide occurrence across a given geographic space. This probability is usually estimated by using a binary classifier which is informed of landslide presence/absence data and associated landscape characteristics. Here, we consider the Italian national landslide inventory to prepare slope-unit based landslide susceptibility maps. [...]

Fault slip-rates and Coulomb stress interactions in the intersection zone of the Hope, Kelly and Alpine Faults, South Island, New Zealand

Jessie L. Vermeer, Mark Quigley, Rob Langridge, et al.

Published: 2022-02-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

The Hope Fault is a major strike-slip plate boundary fault in the Marlborough Fault Zone of New Zealand’s South Island that transfers slip between the Alpine Fault and Hikurangi subduction zone. We use lidar-based geomorphic and fault mapping, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL; quartz) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL; feldspar) dating of fault-proximal sedimentary deposits to [...]

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