Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Engineering
Chemical Dosage Prediction for Drinking Water Treatment Using Random Forest and Polynomial Regression
Published: 2026-01-31
Subjects: Engineering
Predictive modeling of chemical dosage based on raw water quality can be useful in decision-making in operating a water treatment plant. In this study, two statistical methods, i.e., random forest and polynomial regression, are used for modeling the chemical usages in drinking water treatment based on the measured water quality parameters in source water. The daily chemical dosages and eight [...]
Spontaneous liquefaction in saturated granular deposits: State controlled boundary and surface reconfiguration
Published: 2026-01-26
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Mining Engineering, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis
In the case of water-saturated, granular deposits that are at risk of liquefaction, engineers need reliable information about the spatial extent of soil deformation in the event of liquefaction. It is not so important for them to know the exact location of the first failure. However, existing anal-yses primarily deal with the triggering of liquefaction and offer only limited information on how [...]
EVALUATION OF WIND ENERGY RESOURCE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE AND CORNWALL COUNCILS, UNITED KINGDOM
Published: 2026-01-16
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study aimed to assess the wind energy potential in the United Kingdom, focusing on the East Riding of Yorkshire and Cornwall Councils. A comparative analysis was conducted by sampling two weather stations from each region to obtain and analyze wind characteristics. The annual energy yield for both regions was calculated over a four-year period. Data analysis involved frequencies, averages, [...]
Thermodynamically constrained surface energy balance using medium-resolution remote sensing for efficient evapotranspiration mapping
Published: 2026-01-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Medium-resolution (10-100 m) satellite evapotranspiration (ET) products are rapidly advancing agricultural water resources research and management, but underperformance across non-agricultural land cover continues to limit broader hydrologic and ecosystem applications. These inconsistencies are often linked to model structure and representation of ET dynamics across space and time. In [...]
Assessing the Net Climate Impact of Norwegian Reservoirs: Integrating Land Use Change and G-res Modeling
Published: 2026-01-09
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
This study evaluates the net climate impact of Norwegian reservoirs using land use change mapping, literature-based GHG flux aggregation, and G-res modeling. High-resolution historical aerial imagery and deep learning reconstructed pre-impoundment land cover, explicitly identifying wetlands previously absent from national datasets. The framework quantifies changes in CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes and [...]
Global potential of integrated biorefineries for leaf protein and sugar: Producing sustainable food and preventing starvation in catastrophes
Published: 2026-01-07
Subjects: Agriculture, Chemical Engineering, Engineering, Food Science, Risk Analysis
To accommodate population growth and shifting diets, the global protein supply must increase. Simultaneously, rising climate variability increases agricultural yield shocks, disrupting conventional crops. Worse, global catastrophes such as nuclear war or pandemics could collapse the global food system. Here, we turn to the potential of grasslands and plentiful legume biomass (e.g., alfalfa, [...]
Machine Learning Approaches for Estimating Aquifer Hydraulic Properties from Step-Drawdown Pump Tests: A Case Study in Central Valley, California
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a data-driven, scalable framework for estimating aquifer hydraulic conductivity by integrating step-drawdown pumping test data with well completion records using machine learning techniques. The approach applies Random Forest regression and cluster analysis to large regional datasets obtained from the California Natural Resources Agency and the Department of Water Resources Open Data [...]
Spatial Predictor Selection for Next-Day Minimum Temperature Forecasting: An Automated Machine Learning Framework Applied Across European Climate Regimes
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate prediction of daily minimum temperature (Tmin) is critical for frost protection, energy management, and public health preparedness. While numerical weather prediction models have improved substantially, their performance for Tmin forecasting remains limited by difficulties in representing fine-scale nocturnal processes. This study presents an automated framework for identifying optimal [...]
Spectral indices outperform AlphaEarth foundation embeddings for aboveground biomass estimation in tropical Andean Forests
Published: 2026-01-06
Subjects: Education, Engineering
Rising greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂), are accelerating climate change. Forests are an important carbon store, but measuring how much carbon is stored in large tracts of diverse forests is challenging. Satellite imagery provides consistent measures of forests across space and time, which is an opportunity for accurate estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB), [...]
Temperature effect on performance and methane emissions of highly controlled replicate septic tanks
Published: 2025-12-30
Subjects: Engineering
Septic tanks are widely used for decentralized wastewater treatment but remain poorly characterized with respect to greenhouse-gas emissions, particularly under variable temperature regimes. Understanding how temperature influences treatment performance and methane production is essential for improving both emission inventories and environmental sustainability through tailored mitigation [...]
Liquefaction as an energetic instability of saturated granular systems – Density control and static enthalpy equilibrium
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Materials Science and Engineering, Mining Engineering, Other Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Liquefaction of saturated granular materials is commonly interpreted within stress-based frameworks that rely on the existence of an intact grain skeleton. At the onset of liquefaction, however, the contact network collapses and effective stress ceases to be a meaningful state variable. This work reformulates liquefaction as an enthalpy-driven instability of the coupled grain–water system and [...]
Comprehensive Assessment of Flood Risk and Community Impact of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in Iowa
Published: 2025-12-27
Subjects: Agriculture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Life Sciences
Flooding presents a significant risk to Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), especially in regions increasingly affected by extreme weather events. This study uses advanced geospatial analysis techniques to assess the environmental and economic vulnerabilities of 12,703 CAFOs across Iowa, United States. We focused on the exposure of CAFOS to 100-year and 500-year floodplains, [...]
Community-Oriented Data Integration and Communication Framework for Streamflow Forecast Models and Flood Inundation Map Products
Published: 2025-12-23
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Water Resource Management
Access to critical flood risk information is often limited by expert-driven workflows that require specialized software, representing a barrier to stakeholder engagement and effective science communication. This study presents a generalized web-based framework that integrates federal datasets for real-time scenario-based flood forecasting and mapping at the CONUS scale. By leveraging [...]
Spatial Clustering and Reservoir Analysis: An Expert-Guided Synergy Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) Machine Learning Technique on Volve and Norne Fields
Published: 2025-12-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
This study introduces an expert-guided application for clustering production wells using Machine Learning (ML), focusing on the Volve and Norne Field datasets to optimise reservoir analysis and decision-making. The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm was employed for clustering and further enhanced by spatial visualisation through Voronoi polygons on topographic maps. The study presents a [...]