Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Engineering
Sustainable AI infrastructure: A scenario-based forecast of water footprint under uncertainty
Published: 2025-04-24
Subjects: Engineering
The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing is creating a significant but often overlooked impact on global water resources. This paper presents a global assessment of water consumption in AI-driven data centres, distinguishing between operational water use at the facility and at the electricity generation stage, and embodied water associated with hardware [...]
Infrared Backradiation under low humidity conditions: An Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Impact
Published: 2025-04-19
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This study examines the impact of greenhouse gases (GHG) on infrared back radiation (IRBR) in extreme desert and midlatitude winter conditions. Employing MODTRAN simulations, pyrgeometer measurements and energy balance fit models, we assess the impacts of CO₂, Argon (Ar), N2O and R-134a. Results indicate that increasing CO₂ concentrations yield a very limited additional IRBR effect, whereas [...]
Missing well logs prediction method based on K-nearest neighbors regression
Published: 2025-04-14
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In petroleum exploration, well logs are crucial for reservoir characterization. However, missing well logs frequently occur due to tool failures or economic constraints, which can impede accurate subsurface modeling. This research presents a method for predicting missing well logs using the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) regression algorithm, trained on data from the University of Kansas. The study [...]
Comparative Analysis of Flood Risk Zoning and Susceptibility Assessment for the Western Corn Belt Plains using Geospatial Techniques
Published: 2025-04-11
Subjects: Education, Engineering
Flooding is among the most destructive natural hazards, causing severe socioeconomic and environmental impacts. Accurate flood susceptibility assessment is critical for effective mitigation and sustainable resource planning. This study integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods to evaluate flood vulnerability across four [...]
Differential Impacts of Marine Heatwaves and Coldwaves on Air-Sea CO2 Flux Across Global Oceans
Published: 2025-04-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The contrasting impacts of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and marine cold waves (MCWs) on the ocean carbon cycle remain insufficiently understood. Based on observational and reanalysis data from 1990 to 2019, this study investigates the global-scale responses of air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2) to MHWs and MCWs. Results reveal that MHWs and MCWs exert opposing influences on FCO2, with the magnitude of [...]
Quantifying potential carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering using porewater from a field trial in Scotland
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Engineering
Enhanced weathering (EW) is cited as a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy, and is being rapidly commercialized. Rigorous monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) are essential to ensure carbon claims are accurate and carbon credits are not mis-sold. MRV protocols incorporate multiple approaches, including soil and porewater sampling. This paper calculates potential CDR from [...]
Introduction of a nature-based sustainable technology to mitigate climate change-driven water pollution in rivers and lakes
Published: 2025-04-08
Subjects: Engineering
Climate change is intensifying water stress around the world by disrupting the water quantity and quality of surrounding rivers, lakes, and streams. Sustainable water management to adopt climate change and improve global water security needs to focus on technology and innovation. A decentralized, low-energy and sustainable approach to meet both the water quality and quantity demands requires for [...]
An event-based framework for estimating, tracking, and managing annual methane emissions from upstream oil and gas sites
Published: 2025-04-05
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate reporting of annual site-level methane emissions is increasingly required under emerging regulatory and voluntary frameworks in the oil and gas (O&G) sector. In this study, we present an event-based framework for estimating and tracking annual methane emissions from upstream O&G operations. The framework applies the Emission Event Data Model (EEDM) to spatiotemporally group [...]
Spatio-temporal variability in stable water isotopes of Brahmaputra river system and its implications
Published: 2025-04-04
Subjects: Engineering
The Brahmaputra river system is one of Asia's largest and most dynamic transboundary rivers. Yet, significant investigations on the isotopic signature of its water are limited and not documented. This study aims to address the limitations in datasets and enhance the knowledge of the river's complex hydrological processes and its climatic influence using the stable isotope technique. Over 1-2 [...]
Examining copper supply feasibility in decarbonization pathways: a mine-level dynamic approach
Published: 2025-04-01
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Primary copper production capacity is a major concern in light of estimates of future demand. This issue is not sufficiently taken into account in models providing decarbonization pathways. Our study assesses the feasibility of SSPs basic drivers for primary copper requirements derived from the DyMEMDS model, alongside our projections of primary copper production capacities. We introduce a [...]
Total Phosphorus trends in Mississippi and Atchafalaya River Basin Watersheds: Exploring the roles of streamflow and watershed features 2000-2020
Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Engineering
A consistent method of analyzing riverine phosphorus concentrations and load trends across subbasins of the Mississippi Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) can indicate whether and where nutrient loads and concentrations have increased or decreased over the long-term. This can help evaluate the success of federal and state nutrient reduction plans being implemented across the landscape and inform [...]
Geomorphology of Meso-Yardang Formation and Evolution in Fahraj Plain, SE Iran: The Role of Stream Incision, Sandblasting, and Nebkha Transformation
Published: 2025-03-29
Subjects: Education, Engineering
The purpose of this study is to investigate on meso - yardags of Fahraj Plain in SE Iran. The playa on which the yardangs have taken shape has been divided into northern and southern parts as a result of incision by Nesa ephemeral stream . Detailed field investigations were performed and samples were taken to determine the texture, mineralogy and chemical characteristics of mudrocks comprising [...]
Multivariate Regression Analysis for Identifying Key Drivers of Harmful Algal Bloom in Lake Erie
Published: 2025-03-28
Subjects: Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Multivariate Analysis
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), predominantly driven by cyanobacteria, pose significant risks to water quality, public health, and aquatic ecosystems. Lake Erie, particularly its western basin, has been severely impacted by HABs, largely due to nutrient pollution and climatic changes. This study aims to identify key physical, chemical, and biological drivers influencing HABs using a multivariate [...]
Calibration of Permeability Models from Sandstones to Carbonates Using Capillary Pressure: Applicable to U.S. Shallow Marine Reservoirs
Published: 2025-03-26
Subjects: Engineering
Permeability estimation plays a crucial role in reservoir characterization and is commonly determined through core analysis. Additionally, permeability can be inferred from mercury injection test data. Several models have been developed for this purpose, with their parameters influenced by factors such as pore structure, rock heterogeneity, and pore throat distribution. The widely recognized [...]
Nanogeios Nanoliquid CO₂ – Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Nanofluid-Enhanced Liquid CO₂ for Advanced District and Data Center Cooling Applications
Published: 2025-03-23
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Engineering, Engineering Science and Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Neuroscience and Neurobiology, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of a novel hybrid nanofluid-enhanced liquid CO₂, engineered to address cooling challenges in water-scarce environments. Developed by NanoGEIOS, the fluid combines graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a 1:1 ratio (2 vol%) and is optimized using AI-powered NanoFusion dispersion technology. The nanofluid exhibits a 77% increase in thermal [...]