Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Engineering
Could seismo-volcanic catalogues be improved or created using weakly supervised approaches with pre-trained systems?
Published: 2025-07-04
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Real-time monitoring of volcano-seismic signals is complex. Typically, automatic systems are built by learning from large seismic catalogs, where each instance has a label indicating its source mechanism. However, building complete catalogs is difficult owing to the high cost of data-labelling. Current machine learning techniques have achieved great success in constructing predictive monitoring [...]
Simultaneous spectral induced polarization and X-ray µCT imaging to investigate pore-scale dynamics and geoelectrical responses in porous media
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the interplay between pore-scale fluid distribution and bulk electrical properties is critical to improving petrophysical models of partially saturated porous media. This study introduces and evaluates a novel experimental setup that enables synchronized spectral induced polarization (SIP) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) measurements under dynamic saturation conditions. A [...]
Hydraulic Fracturing in a Confined Space System: Stress State, Fracture Space, and Production Enhancement Mechanism
Published: 2025-07-02
Subjects: Engineering, Mining Engineering
Existing mechanical models for hydraulic fracturing technology are established based on open space systems, assuming fractures are primarily formed through tensile failure. However, the source mechanism of newly created fracture space under confined space conditions with constant total volume remains unclear. This study develops a mechanical model for hydraulic fracturing in confined space [...]
Multi-Model Machine Learning Analysis of Urban Temperature Trends: A Comparative Study on Climate Change Impacts in U.S. Cities of Midwest KANI Region
Published: 2025-07-01
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences
Urban temperature prediction is critical for regional climate planning, environmental monitoring, and thermal hazard mitigation. This study employs a multi-model supervised machine learning framework to predict and forecast daily urban air temperatures and evaluate model performance across key counties in the U.S. Midwest KANI region: Polk (IA), Pulaski (AR), Lancaster (NE), and Johnson (KS), [...]
Runoff potential index for upland-lowland drought assessment in rainfed rice using earth observation and mechanistic crop modelling
Published: 2025-06-28
Subjects: Engineering, Life Sciences
Drought vulnerability assessment in agricultural systems remains increasingly critical under climate change, yet current approaches are constrained by limitations of existing topographic indices, particularly in low-gradient terrains where the widely-used Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) exhibits numerical instability and fails to detect critical microtopographic variations that control water [...]
Impact of Gas/Liquid Phase Change of CO2 during Injection for Sequestration
Published: 2025-06-25
Subjects: Engineering
A SEISMIC MOMENT MAGNITUDE SCALE
Published: 2025-06-24
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Theaimofobtaininga single scale for earthquake magnitudes has led many studies in the past to either develop relationships among various existing scales or develop an altogether new scale to represent a wide range of magnitudes on a single scale. Although a reliable and standardized estimation of earthquake size is a basic requirement for all tectonophysical and engineering applications, [...]
Feasibility of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation in soils polluted by hydrocarbons
Published: 2025-06-19
Subjects: Engineering
This study presents an investigation on the potential of biostimulation and bioaugmentation of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) in soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Biostimulation of urea hydrolysis by soil autochthonous ureolytic bacteria was not detected over 62 days. Flow cytometry revealed Sproposarcina pasteurii at initial OD600 = 0.01 was able to grow [...]
Smoothness-constrained Dynamic Parameter Estimation for InSAR Time Series
Published: 2025-06-18
Subjects: Engineering
Urban resilience and decision-making rely on continuous monitoring of key safety indicators. The increasing availability of interferometric SAR (InSAR) observations offers a valuable opportunity for near real-time stability monitoring, particularly in the built environment. However, traditional InSAR time series methods use batch processing to estimate static displacement parameters, limiting [...]
Development and Performance Evaluation of a WT-LSTM Hybrid Model for Global Land Meteorological Drought Prediction
Published: 2025-06-17
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In recent years, droughts have become increasingly frequent worldwide, leading to issues such as reduced agricultural yields and ecological degradation in various regions. To mitigate the impact of drought on human survival and development, this study utilizes the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to analyze the spatiotemporal variations of global droughts. The results [...]
Separate sectoral decarbonization policies accelerate climate action but could jeopardize key sustainability targets
Published: 2025-06-15
Subjects: Engineering
The Paris Agreement grants countries flexibility in designing their pathways to net-zero emissions, yet most have focused on economy-wide, cost-effective approaches without clearly defining the role of sectoral emission reductions and/or carbon dioxide removal (CDR). These blanket strategies prioritize low-cost sectors, leaving significant residual emissions and relying on uncertain, largely [...]
Green Hydrogen from Biomass in Kenya: Geospatial Feed-stock Mapping and Decentralized Energy Integration
Published: 2025-06-13
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
As countries race to decarbonize, green hydrogen has emerged as a crucial clean energy transformation vehicle. In Sub-Saharan Africa, sufficient biomass resource potential exists to become an actual feedstock for decentralised hydrogen production, but under-explored are the spatial mismatches between resource occurrences and infrastructure systems. The paper conducts a geospatial assessment of [...]
Limitations of Mw and M Scales: Compelling Evidence Advocating for the Das Magnitude Scale (Mwg)—A Critical Review and Analysis
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract Precise determination of earthquake size is cru cial for various geoscientific and engineering applications. The Moment Magnitude (Mw) scale, introduced by Kan amori in 1977, was a significant advancement. Kanamori (1977) advocated use of Mw for large earthquakes (≥ 7.5). (Hanks and Kanamori in J. Geophys. Res. 84:2348–2350) later extended the Mw scale named as M scale by [...]
Comprehensive quantification of production costs for large-scale kelp aquaculture and cost reduction opportunities
Published: 2025-06-12
Subjects: Agriculture, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences, Natural Resource Economics, Other Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A highly realistic techno-economic analysis (TEA) was developed to assess the cost of production (COP, US $ per fresh tonne kelp) for large-scale kelp aquaculture. The TEA resolves feedbacks across structural design and response, operational requirements and decisions, site properties, and biological response. We apply the TEA to a Saccharina latissima farming operation at a 100m deep, 405 [...]
Enhancing daily precipitation reconstruction: An improved version of the reddPrec R package
Published: 2025-06-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Reconstructing high-quality daily precipitation series is essential for climate studies, hydrological modeling, and environmental applications. This work presents a new version of reddPrec, a versatile and flexible R package designed to reconstruct precipitation datasets through standard quality control, gap-filling, and grid creation procedures. The update introduces greater flexibility in [...]