Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Engineering
Uncertainty-Aware Bayesian Machine Learning for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping: in the Chattogram Metropolitan Hill System, Bangladesh
Published: 2026-03-25
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
Landslide-prone hilly regions experiencing rapid urban expansion need susceptibility models that provide both robust predictive performance and transparent uncertainty estimates. This study develops an uncertainty-aware probabilistic framework for landslide susceptibility mapping in Bangladesh’s Chattogram metropolitan hill system, incorporating 14 conditioning factors: geomorphological, [...]
Sustainable Design from Waste Up: Irradiated Graphite Disposal Assessments to Inform Reactor Design and Operation
Published: 2026-03-24
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering
As Gen IV graphite-moderated reactor technologies advance to demonstration and deployment, the question must be answered of how, where, and when to dispose of the irradiated graphite waste produced from the operation of these facilities. This work presents an integrated assessment involving the entire graphite lifecycle in nuclear power production: impurity measurement of graphite grades, reactor [...]
On the Origin of Directional Variability in Earthquake Response Spectra: A Stochastic Covariance Framework
Published: 2026-03-22
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology
Directional variability of horizontal earthquake response spectra is commonly described using rotation-based measures such as RotD50 and RotD100, yet its physical and statistical origin remains unclear. This study shows that directional anisotropy arises fundamentally from finite-sample fluctuations of the covariance matrix of filtered ground-motion response. Even under perfectly isotropic [...]
Pyxccd: An Efficient Python Package for Break-aware Time Series Analysis of Earth Observation Data
Published: 2026-03-21
Subjects: Engineering
Pyxccd is an open-source, cross-platform Python package (installable via PyPI) for break-aware analysis of Earth observation time series, supporting retrospective disturbance mapping and near-real-time (NRT) monitoring. It implements the two CCDC-like algorithms: COLD (the latest version) and S-CCD 2.0 (state-space formulation to enable NRT application). Additionally, S-CCD 2.0 adds an [...]
Robust Uneven Shift of Extreme Storm Surges Observed in Data Sparse Northeast Indian Ocean Cities
Published: 2026-03-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Risk Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Reanalysis-driven storm surge datasets enable extreme analysis in data-sparse regions, but most studies translate these time series into extremes using a single statistical model, leaving model-selection uncertainty unquantified. In this study, we analyze ERA5-forced surge residual dataset (1950–2024) from Copernicus Climate Change Service for 11 Northeast Indian Ocean (NIO) cities using an [...]
Agentic Modelling Pipeline: Reproducible Rapid Stormwater Modelling Management System with OpenClaw
Published: 2026-03-17
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computational Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
Configuring urban hydrological models, such as SWMM, for operational or real-time modelling remains onerous for many models. We propose an Agentic SWMM workflow, which embeds ‘Skills’ and model context protocols to automate model configuration, execution, and extract and plot quantities of interest. To ensure that the entire Agentic SWMM workflow is auditable and reproducible, each run will [...]
Experimental Investigation of Movement and Deposition of Woody-Debris Suspensions in Inclined Channel Tests
Published: 2026-03-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering
Debris flows, which mobilize large volumes of water, sediment, and woody debris, pose significant risks to human communities and infrastructure. In wildfire-affected forested areas, the accumulation of woody debris in drainage channels is exacerbated, thereby increasing the potential for more hazardous debris flows. To examine the influence of woody debris on debris flow dynamics, an inclined [...]
Net energy analysis reveals sectoral strategies to mitigate derailment risks of electrification.
Published: 2026-03-12
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Mitigating climate change largely relies on substituting fossil fuels with low-carbon, electricity-producing energy sources. Resulting electrification alters sectoral energy demand and efficiency, and therefore also affects the amount of energy required to build energy transition infrastructure such as solar and wind farms, or grid extensions. As these transition energy requirements are [...]
HIGH-RESOLUTION DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL FOR THE ITALIAN TERRITORY
Published: 2026-03-12
Subjects: Agriculture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Engineering Education, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Geography, Life Sciences, Mining Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Risk Analysis, Social and Behavioral Sciences
High-resolution digital terrain models are essential for environmental planning and territorial analyses, and provide foundations for geomorphological and hydrological applications, including flood and landslide modelling and geo-hydrological hazard and risk assessments. In Italy, airborne LiDAR surveys have improved the representation of terrain morphology in the last decade, but their coverage [...]
Estimation of the water table position in unconfined aquifers with MODFLOW 6
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Hydraulic Engineering, Hydrology, Water Resource Management
The numerical estimation of the position of the water table in unconfined aquifers is important for many practical applications. Its determination through observations or analytical methods is restricted to a few cases. Therefore, it is often estimated through numerical simulations, which may be affected by numerical artifacts and/or poor stability. We use MODFLOW to estimate the position of the [...]
Remote Forcing of Internal Waves in Regional Ocean Models
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Regional oceanic general circulation models with nested grids are an essential approach to allow the use of higher grid resolutions. High resolution is required for the study of smaller scale processes, such as submesoscale currents and the internal wave field, in particular the baroclinic tide. Limits of available computing power determine the size of the computational grid, setting the [...]
Rethinking Hydroclimatic Extremes: Occurrence of abrupt Drought-to-Heavy-Precipitation transition events
Published: 2026-03-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Drought-to-heavy-precipitation abrupt transitions (sometimes called dry-to-wet extremes, whiplash events, or drought–flood transitions) are an emerging research focus. These are rapid shifts from a period of sustained drought (rainfall deficits, soil moisture stress, low streamflow) to intense precipitation or flooding over short timescales. Also described as climate whiplash events, they reflect [...]
Harnessing naturally occurring sodium carbonate and bicarbonate for gigatonne-scale carbon dioxide removal
Published: 2026-03-06
Subjects: Engineering
Ocean alkalinity enhancement is a promising carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approach, but scaling up to gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2 per year will require safe, sustainable, and abundant alkaline feedstocks. Here, we propose the use of a relatively unexplored resource for OAE, namely naturally occurring sodium (bi)carbonates. We identified and mapped 109 such deposits globally, although quantitative [...]
From environmental observation to shared narratives through human-AI interaction
Published: 2026-03-06
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences
A structural bottleneck limits sustainability practices: many people can participate in environmental observation, but far fewer can participate in the synthesis work that turns observations into shared narratives that guide action. We term this disparity "synthesis inequality". Citizen-science programs have expanded public access to data collection, yet data interpretation largely remains [...]
Hydrological modeling in a highly urbanized watershed using explainable machine learning and sub-hourly data: A case study in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Published: 2026-03-04
Subjects: Engineering
Hydrological modeling of urbanized watersheds is a highly challenging task due to the complexity and non-linearity of the rainfall-runoff relationship in these areas. Many data-driven models have been proposed in the literature to address this problem. However, in this field, there is a need not only for performance but also for explainability and comprehension of the impacts of [...]