Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Earth Sciences
C3S Energy: A climate service for the provision of power supply and demand indicators for Europe based on the ERA5 reanalysis and ENTSO-E data
Published: 2021-11-17
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Statistical Models
The EU Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) has produced an operational climate service, called C3S Energy, designed to enable the energy industry and policymakers to assess the impacts of climate variability and climate change on the energy sector in Europe. The C3S Energy service covers different time horizons, for the past 40 years and the future. It provides time series of electricity [...]
Geochemical variability as an indicator for large volume eruptions in volcanic arcs
Published: 2021-11-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Volcanology
Caldera-forming eruptions have the potential to impact global climate and induce drastic socioeconomic change. However, the criteria to identify volcanoes capable of producing large magnitude eruptions in the future are not well constrained. Here we compile and analyse data, revealing that volcanoes which have produced catastrophic caldera-forming eruptions in the past, typically show larger [...]
Syn-shearing deformation mechanisms of minerals in partially molten metapelites
Published: 2021-11-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences
We investigated an experimentally sheared (γ = 15, γ ̇ = 3 x 10-4s-1, 300 MPa, 750°C) quartz-muscovite aggregate to understand the deformation of parent and new crystals in partially molten rocks. The SEM and EBSD analyses along the longitudinal axial section of the cylindrical sample suggest that quartz and muscovite melted partially and later produced K-feldspar, ilmenite, biotite, mullite, and [...]
Rare allanite in granulitised eclogites constrains timing of eclogite to granulite facies transition in the Bhutan Himalaya
Published: 2021-11-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
During continental collision, crustal rocks are buried, deformed, transformed and exhumed. The rates, timescales and tectonic implications of these processes are determined by linking geochemical, geochronological and microstructural data from metamorphic rock-forming and accessory minerals. Exposures of lower orogenic crust provide important insights into orogenic evolution, but are rare in [...]
Vertical Deformation and Residual Altimeter Systematic Errors around Continental Australia Inferred from a Kalman-Based Approach
Published: 2021-11-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Other Earth Sciences
We further developed a space-time Kalman approach to estimate time-variable signals in residual altimeter systematic errors and vertical land motion (VLM) around the Australian coast since the 1990s, through combining multi-mission absolute sea-level (ASL), relative sea-level (RSL) from tide gauges (TGs) and GPS heights records. Our results confirmed continent-wide subsidence and TG-specific VLMs [...]
Weak, Seismogenic Faults Inherited From Mesozoic Rifts Control Mountain Building in the Andean Foreland
Published: 2021-11-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences
New earthquake focal mechanism and centroid depth estimates show that the deformation style in the forelands of the Andes is spatially correlated with rift systems that stretched the South American lithosphere in the Mesozoic. Where the rifts trend sub-parallel to the Andean range front, normal faults inherited from the rifts are being reactivated as reverse faults, causing the 30--45 km thick [...]
Stable Silicon Isotopes Uncover a Mineralogical Control on the Benthic Silicon Cycle in the Arctic Barents Sea
Published: 2021-11-12
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Soil Science
Biogeochemical cycling of silicon (Si) in the Barents Sea is under considerable pressure from physical and chemical changes, including dramatic warming and sea ice retreat, together with a decline in dissolved silicic acid (DSi) concentrations of Atlantic inflow waters since 1990. Moreover, further expansion of the Atlantic realm (termed ‘Atlantification’) is expected to shift phytoplankton [...]
Streamlined subglacial bedform sensitivity to bed characteristics across the deglaciated Northern Hemisphere
Published: 2021-11-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Glaciology
Streamlined subglacial bedforms observed in deglaciated landscapes provide the opportunity to assess the sensitivity of glacier dynamics to bed characteristics across broader spatiotemporal scales than is possible for contemporary glacial systems. While many studies of streamlined subglacial bedforms rely on manual mapping and qualitative (i.e., visual) assessment, we semi-automatically identify [...]
PbIso: an R package and web app for calculating and plotting Pb isotope data
Published: 2021-11-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The package PbIso is a free and open R toolbox for commonly used calculations and plots of Pb-Pb isotope data and for generating Pb evolution models. In this paper, we review Pb isotope systematics and the calculations that are commonly used, such as model age, model source
WlCount: Geological lamination detection and counting using an image analysis approach
Published: 2021-11-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series, Speleology, Stratigraphy
The manual identification and count of laminae in layered textures is a common practice in the study of geological records, which can be time consuming and carry large uncertainty for dense or disturbed lamina textures. We present here a novel image analysis approach to detect and count laminae in geoscientific imagery, called WlCount. Based on Dynamic Time Warping and Wavelet analysis, WlCount [...]
Open access in geochemistry from preprints to data sharing: past, present and future
Published: 2021-11-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Cosmochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology
In this short communication, we discuss the latest advances regarding Open Access in the Earth Sciences and geochemistry community from preprints to findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable data following 14f session held at Goldschmidt conference (4-9 July 2021) dedicated to “Open Access in Earth Sciences”.
Simultaneous Inference of Plate Boundary Stresses and Mantle Rheology Using Adjoints: Large-Scale Two-Dimensional Models
Published: 2021-11-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Plate motions are a primary surface constraint on plate and mantle dynamics and rheology, plate boundary stresses, and the occurrence of great earthquakes. Within an optimization method, we use plate motion data to better constrain uncertain mantle parameters. For the optimization problem characterizing the maximum a posteriori rheological parameters we derive gradients using adjoints and [...]
Nonlinear time series analysis of palaeoclimate proxy records
Published: 2021-11-08
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Dynamic Systems, Earth Sciences, Geology, Longitudinal Data Analysis and Time Series, Multivariate Analysis, Non-linear Dynamics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Identifying and characterising dynamical regime shifts, critical transitions or potential tipping points in palaeoclimate time series is relevant for improving the understanding of often highly nonlinear Earth system dynamics. Beyond linear changes in time series properties such as mean, variance, or trend, these nonlinear regime shifts can manifest as changes in signal predictability, [...]
Subsurface temperature from seismic reflections: application to the post break up sequence offshore Namibia
Published: 2021-11-06
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology
Accurate estimations of present-day subsurface temperatures are of critical importance to the energy industry, in particular with regards to geothermal energy and petroleum exploration. In frontier basins, the subsurface temperature regime can give an indication of the hydrocarbon potential of source horizons. The Lüderitz Basin, offshore Namibia, is a frontier deep water basin located on a [...]
Introducing StreamProfilerApp, a web application for near-global, exploratory, longitudinal river profile analysis
Published: 2021-11-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education
Stream profile analysis has been used extensively in the earth sciences. In the past, exploration of stream profiles has required downloading and processing Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for specific areas, which limits the scope of exploratory analysis. Presented here is a web application designed to analyze stream profiles at 90m resolution at a near-global scale. Based on the Hydrosheds [...]