Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Geophysics and Seismology
Segmentation of the Main Himalayan Thrust inferred from geodetic observations of interseismic coupling
Published: 2019-07-04
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Probability, Statistics and Probability, Tectonics and Structure
Mapping the distribution of locked segments along subduction megathrusts is essential for improving quantitative assessments of seismic hazard. Previous geodetic studies suggest the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is homogeneously locked (or coupled) along its complete length over a down-dip extent of ~100 km. However, an increasing number of seismological and geophysical observations suggests the [...]
Pervasive foreshock activity across southern California
Published: 2019-06-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Foreshocks have been documented as preceding less than half of all mainshock earthquakes. These observations are difficult to reconcile with laboratory earthquake experiments and theoretical models of earthquake nucleation, which both suggest that foreshock activity should be nearly ubiquitous. Here we use a state-of-the-art, high-resolution earthquake catalog to study foreshock sequences of [...]
Are magnetic stripes on the Cuvier Abyssal Plain (offshore NW Australia) diagnostic of oceanic crust?
Published: 2019-06-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Magnetic stripes have long been used to define the presence and age of oceanic crust. However, continental crust heavily intruded by magma can record magnetic reversals akin to those observed in oceanic crust. We re-evaluate the nature of the Cuvier Abyssal Plain (CAP), offshore NW Australia, which hosts magnetic stripes and has previously been defined as oceanic crust. We use magnetic, 2D [...]
Comments on the paper “Two independent real-time precursors of the 7.8 M earthquake in Ecuador based on radioactive and geodetic processes – Powerful tools for an early warning system” by Toulkeridis et al. (2019)
Published: 2019-06-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In the paper entitled “Two independent real-time precursors of the 7.8 M earthquake in Ecuador based on radioactive and geodetic processes – Powerful tools for an early warning system”, Toulkeridis et al. (2019) claim that they found radiation and GPS signal anomalies before the April 16th 2016 Pedernales earthquake (Ecuador) and that their findings can be used to forecast earthquakes in the [...]
Gravitational field calculation in spherical coordinates using variable densities in depth
Published: 2019-06-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a new methodology to compute the gravitational fields generated by tesseroids (spherical prisms) whose density varies with depth according to an arbitrary continuous function. It approximates the gravitational fields through the Gauss-Legendre Quadrature along with two discretization algorithms that automatically control its accuracy by adaptively dividing the tesseroid into smaller [...]
Areal parameter estimates from multiple datasets
Published: 2019-06-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A wide range of methods exist for interpolation between spatially distributed points drawn from a single population. Yet often multiple datasets are available with differing distribution, character and reliability. A simple scheme is introduced to allow the fusion of multiple datasets. Each dataset is assigned an a priori spatial influence zone around each point and a relative weight based on its [...]
Distributed sensing of earthquakes and ocean-solid Earth interactions on seafloor telecom cables
Published: 2019-06-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Physics
Two thirds of the surface of our planet are covered by water and are still poorly instrumented, which has prevented the earth science community from addressing numerous key scientific questions. The potential to leverage the existing fiber optic seafloor telecom cables that criss-cross the oceans, by turning them into dense arrays of seismo-acoustic sensors, remains to be evaluated. Here, we [...]
Physically consistent modeling of dike induced deformation and seismicity: Application to the 2014 Bárðarbunga dike, Iceland
Published: 2019-06-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Dike intrusions are often associated with surface deformation and propagating swarms of earthquakes. These are understood to be manifestations of the same underlying physical process, although rarely modeled as such. We construct a physics-based model of the 2014 B\ar{\dh}arbunga dike, by far the best observed large dike ($> 0.5$ km$^3$) to date. We constrain the background stress state [...]
The 2007 Caldera Collapse of Piton de la Fournaise Volcano: Source Process from Very-Long-Period Seismic Signals
Published: 2019-05-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
In April 2007, Piton de la Fournaise volcano experienced its largest caldera collapse in at least 300 years. This event consisted of a series of 48 subsidence increments characterized by very-long-period (VLP) seismic signals equivalent to Mw 4.4 to 5.4. Source analysis of VLP events suggests a piston-like mechanism with a collapsing crack source corresponding to the contraction of the magma [...]
A shallow earthquake swarm close to hydrocarbon activities: discriminating between natural and induced causes for the 2018–19 Surrey, UK earthquake sequence
Published: 2019-05-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Earthquakes induced by subsurface industrial activities are a globally emotive issue, with a growing catalogue of induced earthquake sequences. However, attempts at discriminating between natural and induced causes, particularly for anomalously shallow seismicity, can be challenging. An earthquake swarm during 2018–19 in south-east England with a maximum magnitude of ML 3.2 received great public [...]
Creep on seismogenic faults: Insights from analogue earthquake experiments
Published: 2019-05-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Tectonic faults display a range of slip behaviors including continuous and episodic slip covering rates of more than 10 orders of magnitude (m/s). The physical control of such kinematic observations remains ambiguous. To gain insight into the slip behavior of brittle faults we performed laboratory stick-slip experiments using a rock analogue, granular material. We realized conditions under which [...]
Teleseisms and Microseisms on an Ocean-Bottom Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array
Published: 2019-05-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Sparse seismic instrumentation in the oceans limits our understanding of deep Earth dynamics and submarine earthquakes. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), an emerging technology that converts optical fiber to seismic sensors, allows us to leverage pre-existing submarine telecommunication cables for seismic monitoring. Here we report observations of microseism, local surface gravity waves, and a [...]
Shallow slow slip events along the Nankai Trough detected by the GNSS-A
Published: 2019-05-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Various slow earthquakes (SEQs), including tremors, very-low-frequency events, and slow slip events (SSEs), occur along megathrust zones. In a shallow plate boundary region, although many SEQs have been observed along pan-Pacific subduction zones, SSEs with a duration on the order of a year or with a large slip have not yet been detected due to difficulty in offshore observation. We try to [...]
A Novel Hybrid Finite Element-Spectral Boundary Integral Scheme for Modeling Earthquake Cycles: Application to Rate and State Faults with Low-Velocity Zones
Published: 2019-05-14
Subjects: Applied Mechanics, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Mechanical Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We present a novel hybrid finite element (FE) - spectral boundary integral (SBI) scheme that enables efficient simulation of earthquake cycles. This combined FE-SBI approach captures the benefits of finite elements in modelling problems with nonlinearities, as well as the computational superiority of SBI. The domain truncation enabled by this scheme allows us to utilize high-resolution finite [...]
Complex earthquake behavior on simple faults
Published: 2019-05-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
While power-law distributions in seismic moment and interevent times are ubiquitous in regional catalogs, the statistics of individual faults remains controversial. Continuum fault models typically produce characteristic earthquakes or a narrow range of sizes, leading to the view that the regional statistics originates from interaction of multiple faults. I present theoretical arguments and [...]