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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Geophysics and Seismology

Logarithmic growth of dikes from a depressurizing magma chamber

Benjamin E. Grossman-Ponemon, Elias Rafn Heimisson, Adrian J. Lew, et al.

Published: 2019-11-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

Dike propagation is an intrinsically multiphase problem, where deformation and fluid flow are intricately coupled in a fracture process. Here we perform the first fully-coupled simulations of dike propagation in two dimensions, accounting for depressurization of a circular magma chamber, dynamic fluid flow, fracture formation, and elastic deformation. Despite the complexity of the governing [...]

Directionality of ambient noise in the Mississippi embayment

Chunyu Liu, Khurram Aslam, Charles A. Langston

Published: 2019-11-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise from 277 broadband stations within the Mississippi embayment (ME) with at least 1-month of recording time between 1990 and 2018 are used to estimate source locations of primary and secondary microseisms. We investigate source locations by analyzing the azimuthal distribution of the signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) and positive/negative amplitude [...]

Ancient subducted oceans controlling the positioning of deep mantle plumes

Philip Joseph Heron, Juliane Dannberg, Rene Gassmöller, et al.

Published: 2019-11-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

Seismic imaging of the Earths interior reveals plumes originating from relatively hot regions of the lower mantle, surrounded by cooler material thought to be remnants of ancient subducted oceans. Based largely on geophysical data, two opposing hypotheses dominate the discussion on dynamics at the base of mantle: the large hot anomalies are thermo-chemical in nature; or, alternatively, they are [...]

On the statistical significance of foreshock sequences in Southern California

Martijn van den Ende, Jean Paul Ampuero

Published: 2019-11-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Earthquake foreshocks may provide information that is critical to short-term earthquake forecasting. However, foreshocks are far from ubiquitously observed, which makes the interpretation of ongoing seismic sequences problematic. Based on a statistical analysis, Trugman & Ross (2019) suggested that as much as 72% of all mainshocks in Southern California is preceded by foreshock sequences. In [...]

The variation and visualisation of elastic anisotropy in rock-forming minerals

David Healy, Nicholas Timms, Mark Pearce

Published: 2019-10-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Mineral Physics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure

All minerals behave elastically, a rheological property that controls their ability to support stress, strain and pressure, the nature of acoustic wave propagation and influences subsequent plastic (i.e. permanent, non-reversible) deformation. All minerals are intrinsically anisotropic in their elastic properties – that is, they have directional variations that are related to the configuration [...]

The Earthquake Arrest Zone

Chun-Yu Ke, Gregory McLaskey, David S. Kammer

Published: 2019-10-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Earthquake ruptures are generally considered to be cracks that propagate as fracture or frictional slip on preexisting faults. Crack models have been used to describe the spatial distribution of fault offset and the associated static stress changes along a fault, and have implications for friction evolution and the underlying physics of rupture processes. However, field measurements that could [...]

Deep Unsupervised 4D Seismic 3D Time-Shift Estimation with Convolutional Neural Networks

Jesper Sören Dramsch, Anders Nymark Christensen, Colin MacBeth, et al.

Published: 2019-10-31
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability

We present a novel 3D warping technique for the estimation of 4D seismic time-shift. This unsupervised method provides a diffeomorphic 3D time shift field that includes uncertainties, therefore it does not need prior time-shift data to be trained. This results in a widely applicable method in time-lapse seismic data analysis. We explore the generalization of the method to unseen data both in the [...]

Did deglaciation of the Greenland ice sheet cause a large earthquake and tsunami around 10,600 years ago?

Rebekka Steffen, Holger Steffen, Robert Weiss, et al.

Published: 2019-10-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Due to their large mass, ice sheets induce significant stresses in the Earth’s crust. Stress release during deglaciation can trigger large-magnitude earthquakes, as indicated by surface faults in northern Europe. Although glacially-induced stresses have been analyzed in northern Europe, they have not yet been analyzed for Greenland. We know that the Greenland Ice Sheet experienced a large melting [...]

Crustal structure of Sri Lanka derived from joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions using a Bayesian approach

Jennifer Dreiling, Frederik Tilmann, Xiaohui Yuan, et al.

Published: 2019-10-30
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We study the crustal structure of Sri Lanka by analyzing data from a temporary seismic network deployed in 2016--2017 to shed light on the amalgamation process from a geophysical perspective. Rayleigh wave phase dispersion curves from ambient noise cross-correlation and receiver functions were jointly inverted using a transdimensional Bayesian approach. The Moho depths in Sri Lanka range between [...]

Another look at the treatment of data uncertainty in Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion and other probabilistic methods

Frederik Tilmann, Hamzeh Sadeghisorkhani, Alexandra Mauerberger

Published: 2019-10-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

In probabilistic Bayesian inversions, data uncertainty is a crucial parameter for quantifying the uncertainties and correlations of the resulting model parameters or, in transdimensional approaches, even the complexity of the model. However, in many geophysical inference problems it is poorly known. Therefore, it is common practice to allow the data uncertainty itself to be a parameter to be [...]

Intermittent fluid connectivity during two-phase flow in a heterogeneous carbonate rock

Catherine Spurin, Sam Krevor, Tom Bultreys, et al.

Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Subsurface fluid flow is ubiquitous in nature, and understanding the interaction of multiple fluids as they flow within a porous medium is central to many geological, environmental, and industrial processes. It is assumed that the flow pathways of each phase are invariant when modelling subsurface flow using Darcys law extended to multiphase flow; a condition that is assumed to be valid during [...]

Complex Rupture of an Immature Fault Zone: A Simultaneous Kinematic Model of the 2019 Ridgecrest, CA Earthquakes

Dara E Goldberg, Diego Melgar, Amanda Thomas, et al.

Published: 2019-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The July 4, 2019 Mw6.4 and subsequent July 6, 2019 Mw7.1 Ridgecrest Sequence earthquakes ruptured orthogonal fault planes in the Little Lake Fault Zone, a low slip rate (1 mm/yr) dextral fault zone in the area linking the Eastern California Shear Zone and Walker Lane. This region accommodates nearly one fourth of plate boundary motion and has been proposed to be an incipient transform fault [...]

Linking the evolution of terrestrial interiors and an early outgassed atmosphere to astrophysical observations

Dan James Bower, Daniel Kitzmann, Aaron S. Wolf, et al.

Published: 2019-10-17
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Other Astrophysics and Astronomy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Sciences

A terrestrial planet is molten during formation and may remain molten due to intense insolation or tidal forces. Observations favour the detection and characterisation of hot planets, potentially with large outgassed atmospheres. We aim to determine the radius of hot Earth-like planets with large outgassing atmospheres. Our goal is to explore the differences between molten and solid silicate [...]

The 2018 Fiji Mw 8.2 and 7.9 deep earthquakes: one doublet in two slabs

Zhe Jia, Zhichao Shen, Zhongwen Zhan, et al.

Published: 2019-10-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The cold Fiji-Tonga subduction zone accounts for >75% of cataloged deep earthquakes but none of the largest ten in the last century. On 19 August 2018 and 06 September 2018, a deep earthquake doublet with moment magnitude (Mw) 8.2 and 7.9 struck the Fiji area, providing a rare opportunity to interrogate the behaviors of great deep earthquakes in cold slabs. By cursory examination, the doublet [...]

Redshift of Earthquakes via Focused Blind Deconvolution of Teleseisms

Pawan Bharadwaj, Chunfang Meng, Aimé Fournier, et al.

Published: 2019-10-13
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Earth Sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Signal Processing

We present a robust factorization of the teleseismic waveforms resulting from an earthquake source into signals that originate from the source and signals that characterize the path effects. The extracted source signals represent the earthquake spectrum and its variation with azimuth. Unlike most prior work on source extraction, our method is data-driven, and it does not depend on any [...]

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