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Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Hydrology

Serious Gaming for Water Resources Planning and Hazard Mitigation

Aarin Teague, Yusuf Sermet, Ibrahim Demir, et al.

Published: 2020-08-03
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Education, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sustainability, Water Resource Management

Hydrological hazards lead to a broad range of socio-economic and environmental risks. The development of a resilient community and risk reduction heavily rely on the adoption of holistic watershed master planning whereby the adaptation options consider the risk associated with individual or multiple hydrological hazards occurring simultaneously at a specific location. Such planning approaches [...]

Visualizing the daily evolution and extent of snow drought

Benjamin Hatchett, Daniel McEvoy

Published: 2020-07-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Snow droughts are commonly defined as below average snowpack at a point in time, typically 1 April in the western United States. This definition is valuable for interpreting the state of the snowpack for resource management but obscures the temporal evolution of snow drought. Borrowing from dynamical systems theory, we applied phase diagrams to visually examine the evolution of snowpack [...]

Navigating groundwater model uncertainty analysis

Luk Peeters

Published: 2020-07-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The design of a groundwater model is based on the model objective, the management or research question that the model seeks to address. Designing the uncertainty analysis of a groundwater models likewise needs to consider the objective of the uncertainty analysis; how the uncertainty in model predictions will be used. In this paper a framework is presented to consider the various dimensions of [...]

Tracking and measuring of clay shrinking and swelling using spaceborne remote sensing

André Burnol, Michael Foumelis, Sébastien Gourdier, et al.

Published: 2020-07-12
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

New capabilities for measuring and monitoring are needed to improve the shrink/swell hazard. A new French experimental site at Chaingy (Centre-Val de Loire) has been instrumented using extensometers at the surface and soil moisture sensors in the clay layer. Here we show by direct comparison between remote and in situ data for a period longer than three years that the vertical ground [...]

Impact of Hydrostratigraphic Continuity in Heterogeneity on Brine-to-Freshwater Interface Dynamics; Implications from a 2-D Parametric Study in an Arid and Endorheic Basin

Sarah Virginia McKnight, David F Boutt, Lee Ann Munk

Published: 2020-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Despite the prevalence of density-driven flow systems in brine-rich aquifers of arid climates and coastal aquifers, the impact of realistic geologic conditions remains poorly constrained regarding interface geometry in arid regions and time-sensitive density-dependent dynamics in brine-bearing aquifers in general. Salar de Atacama provides an analog for exploring interface dynamics in arid [...]

Post-Processing a Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Model with an LSTM

Grey Stephen Nearing, Alden Keefe Sampson, Frederik Kratzert, et al.

Published: 2020-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Machine learning is becoming an increasingly important part of streamflow forecasting, but as these models to date lack a physical basis, there is a potential that they may produce values that are not realistic. We tested a simple post-processing strategy that uses the outputs from a calibrated conceptual model (the Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting Model with Snow-17; SAC-SMA) as inputs into a [...]

GANSim: Conditional Facies Simulation Using an Improved Progressive Growing of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

Suihong Song, Tapan Mukerji, Jiagen Hou

Published: 2020-07-05
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geology, Hydrology, Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Statistical Models, Statistics and Probability

Conditional facies modeling combines geological spatial patterns with different types of observed data, to build earth models for predictions of subsurface resources. Recently, researchers have used generative adversarial networks (GANs) for conditional facies modeling, where an unconditional GAN is first trained to learn the geological patterns using the original GANs loss function, then [...]

Exposure and vulnerability estimation for modelling flood losses to commercial assets in Europe

Dominik Paprotny, Heidi Kreibich, Oswaldo Morales-Nápoles, et al.

Published: 2020-07-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Multivariate Analysis, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability

Commercial assets comprise buildings, machinery and equipment, which are susceptible to floods. Existing damage models and exposure estimation methods for this sector have limited transferability between flood events. In this study we introduce two methodologies aiming at broader applicability: (1) disaggregation of economic statistics to obtain detailed building-level estimates of replacement [...]

Post-processing the National Water Model with Long Short- Term Memory Networks for Streamflow Predictions and Model Diagnostics

Jonathan Frame, Grey Stephen Nearing, Frederik Kratzert, et al.

Published: 2020-07-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

We build three Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) daily streamflow prediction models (deep learning networks) for 531 basins across the contiguous United States (CONUS), and compare their performance: (1) a LSTM post-processor trained on the U.S. National Water Model (NWM) outputs (LSTM_PP) as a target variable, (2) a LSTM post-processor trained on the NWM outputs and using atmospheric forcings [...]

Influences on Discharge Partitioning on a Large River Delta: Case Study of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya Diversion, 1926–1950

John B Shaw, Kashauna Mason, Hongbo Ma, et al.

Published: 2020-07-01
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The modern Mississippi River (M.R.) Delta is plumbed by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers, setting water and sediment dispersal pathways for Earth’s fifth-largest river system. The Atchafalaya River’s (A.R.) partial annexation of discharge from the M.R., particularly between 1926 and 1950, prompted warnings of a rapid river avulsion and the construction of the Old River Control Structure to [...]

Geological Facies Modeling Based on Progressive Growing of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

Suihong Song, Tapan Mukerji, Jiagen Hou

Published: 2020-06-21
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics and Seismology, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy

Geological facies modeling has long been studied to predict subsurface resources. In recent years, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been used as a new method for geological facies modeling with surprisingly good results. However, in conventional GANs, all layers are trained concurrently, and the scales of the geological features are not considered. In this study, we propose to train [...]

Potential environmental hazard due to tailings dam failure in Minnesota iron range and safety concern of the Dams in the US

Clara Lee, Fei Liu

Published: 2020-06-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Water Resource Management

An ongoing debate centered around mining operations and tailings dam usage near the Minnesota mining range led to an investigation of potential environmental hazards near the cities of Hoyt Lakes and Embarrass. Topographic data from Satellite observations made available by USGS and HEC-RAS developed by US Engineer Corp are used to simulate the extent of mud flow from a hypothetical tailings dam [...]

Turbulent flow effects in a slickwater fracture propagation in permeable rock

Evgenii Kanin, Dmitry Garagash, Andrei Osiptsov

Published: 2020-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Oil, Gas, and Energy, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology

This work is devoted to an analysis of the near-tip region of a hydraulic fracture driven by slickwater in a permeable saturated rock. We consider a steady-state problem of a semi-infinite fracture propagating with constant velocity. The host rock is elastic and homogeneous, and fracture propagates according to linear elastic fracture mechanics. The fluid exchange between the fracture and [...]

The social-ecological dimensions of changing global freshwater availability

Xander Huggins, Tom Gleeson, Matti Kummu, et al.

Published: 2020-06-18
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Quantifying physical water security at the global scale remains hampered by a lack of systematically produced observational data. Here we combine the observed trends in global freshwater availability from the recently completed Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite mission1 with more than a dozen other global datasets and provide the missing observational basis to numerous existing [...]

Seasonal impact-based mapping of compound hazards

John Hillier, Richard Dixon

Published: 2020-06-17
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Mathematics, Multivariate Analysis, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability

Impact-based, seasonal mapping of compound hazards is proposed. It is pragmatic, identifies phenomena to drive the research agenda, produces outputs relevant to stakeholders, and could be applied to many hazards globally. Illustratively, flooding and wind damage can co-occur, worsening their joint impact, yet where wet and windy seasons combine has not yet been systematically mapped. Here, [...]

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