Preprints

Filtering by Subject: Environmental Sciences

Deployment-invariant probability of detection characterization for aerial LiDAR methane detection

Michael J. Thorpe, Aaron Krietinger, Dominic Altamura, et al.

Published: 2024-01-24
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences

Accurate detection sensitivity characterization of remote methane monitoring technologies is critical for designing, implementing, and auditing effective emissions monitoring and mitigation programs. Several research groups have developed test methods based on single/double-blind controlled release protocols and regression-based data analysis techniques to create probability of detection (PoD) [...]

Unsupervised Structural Damage Assessment from Space using the Segment Anything Model (USDA-SAM): A Case Study of the 2023 Türkiye Earthquake

Sudharshan Balaji, Oktay Karakus

Published: 2024-01-23
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences

This paper explores advanced deep learning methods, specifically utilising the Segment Anything Model (SAM) along with image processing techniques, to evaluate the structural damages caused by the devastating earthquake that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023. Leveraging exceptionally high-resolution pre- and post-disaster imagery provided by Maxar Technologies, this paper showcases the [...]

Apportioning sources of chemicals of emerging concern along an urban river with inverse modelling

Kajetan Chrapkiewicz, Alex George Lipp, Leon Barron, et al.

Published: 2024-01-18
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences

Concentrations of chemicals in river water provide crucial information for assessing environmental exposure to fertilisers and insecticides, heavy metals, illicit drugs, pathogens, pharmaceuticals, plastics and perfluorinated substances among others. However, using concentrations measured along waterways to identify sources of contaminants and predict their fate is complicated by downstream [...]

Environmental Signal Propagation in Non-stationary Systems: The Impact of Delta Advance on Terrestrial to Marine Information Transfer

Anjali M Fernandes, Kyle Straub, Arvind Singh

Published: 2024-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

When interpreting environmental signals in the deep marine sedimentary archive, separating the record of local flow and sediment dynamics from that of the terrestrial transport system that feeds it can be challenging. We used a physical experiment to study the dynamics of flow and sedimentation on a prograding, hyperpycnal flow-dominated delta, shelf and submarine slope subject to slow rates of [...]

Mineral precipitation and geometry alteration in porous structures: How to upscale variations in permeability-porosity relationship?

Mohammad Masoudi, Mohammad Nooraiepour, Hang Deng, et al.

Published: 2024-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Porous materials in natural and engineered environments are subject to morphological changes resulting from interacting chemical and physical processes. The complexity of coupled flow, transport, and chemical processes that occur on different temporal and spatial scales makes it difficult to predict the resulting porosity and permeability alterations. Delineating the controls of mineral [...]

Untangling intercropping in heterogeneous smallholder maize-cassava farming systems with remote sensing

Felicia Olufunmilayo Akinyemi, Philippe Rufin, Esther Shupel Ibrahim, et al.

Published: 2023-12-15
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Earth observation approaches for large-scale crop monocultures are often not transferable to heterogeneous smallholder systems. Key challenges in this regard are intercropping, high intra-field crop type variability, wide sowing windows, presence of non-crop vegetation and small but variable field sizes. Currently, studies on smallholder agriculture mainly focus on specific crops and seldom [...]

GEE-PICX: Generating cloud-free Sentinel-2 and Landsat image composites and spectral indices for custom areas and time frames - a Google Earth Engine web application

Luisa Pflumm, Hyeonmin Kang, Andreas Wilting, et al.

Published: 2023-12-11
Subjects: Environmental Sciences

1. Earth observation satellites are collecting vast amounts of data that are both free and openly accessible. These data have immense potential to support environmental, economic, and social fields. However, along with the increasing availability of remotely sensed data, challenges are also increasing in accessing and processing these data. In particular, easy-to-use solutions for accessing and [...]

Comprehensive review of the annual haze episode in Northern Thailand

Cassian P. F. Pirard, Artima Charoenpanwutikul

Published: 2023-12-09
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Public Health

The mountainous part of northern Thailand is subject to an intense haze episode occurring almost every year between January and May. In the last couple of decades, this atmospheric phenomenon has been extensively covered in the media and is now a main concern for the population living in this area. In this review, we synthesized the information available from hundreds of publications on air [...]

Salt Precipitation during Geological CO2 Storage: Effect of Access to Continuous Brine Source

Mohammad Masoudi, Mohammad Nooraiepour, Helge Hellevang

Published: 2023-12-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences

During CO2 storage, the near-wellbore environment experiences significant chemical, physical, thermal, and mechanical perturbations. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes in this region through representative experimental tests and numerical simulations to maximize the safety and cost-efficiency of CO2 storage. One common [...]

Experimental and Numerical Description of Mineral Precipitation Dynamics on Heterogeneous Substrate Surfaces

Mohammad Nooraiepour, Mohammad Masoudi, Helge Hellevang

Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Chemical Engineering, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

Mineral precipitation reactions are critical in reactive transport studies of porous media due to their significant impacts on flow and transport properties. Understanding the nucleation process, a probabilistic phenomenon that determines the location and distribution of solid formation in space and time domains, is essential for accurately comprehending the effect of mineral precipitation on [...]

Monitoring CO2 Concentrations in Soil Gas: A Novel MRV Approach for Cropland-Based ERW?

Dirk Paessler, Ralf Steffens, Jens Hammes, et al.

Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

This paper discusses the challenges we have faced in the past 2.5 years of field experiments trying to measure the speed of Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) in agricultural settings for removing CO₂ from the atmosphere. Traditional measurements that allow quantification of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in laboratory ERW tests include chemical analyses of the leached out soil water and monitoring [...]

Formation of giant Siberian gas emission craters (GECs)

Helge Hellevang, Mats Rouven Ippach, Sebastian Westermann, et al.

Published: 2023-12-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences

The recent discovery of eight giant gas escape craters (GECs) in the Russian Yamal and Gydan peninsulas has challenged researchers for the past decade. Despite numerous proposed models, ranging from meteor impacts to gas explosions, none provide a comprehensive explanation for why the GECs are found only in this specific region. This study proposes a new general model for the formation of GECs in [...]

Quantifying the intersecting threats of wildfire and oil and gas development in the western United States

David J.X. Gonzalez, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Zehua Liu, et al.

Published: 2023-11-15
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Oil, Gas, and Energy

The recent increases in wildfire activity in the western United States has coincided with the proliferation of oil and gas development and substantial population growth in the wildland-urban interface. Drilling and operating oil and gas wells is already associated with emissions of harmful pollutants and higher risks of adverse health outcomes for nearby residents. Perturbation from [...]

Plastics aplenty in paddy lands: incidence of microplastics in two rice cultivars of Kerala, India, and its impact on primary producers found in paddy fields

C. Amaneesh, Hee-Sik Kim, Rishiram Ramanan

Published: 2023-11-14
Subjects: Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Toxicology

Microplastics (MP) have received worldwide attention in recent years because of its prevalence in key ecosystems, including agroecosystems. Occurrence of MP in native paddy fields, which are critical to world’s food security, is not reported till date. This study reports the abundance of MP in two different rice cultivars, one of which is the ‘Pokkali’ crop that is Geographical Indication tagged [...]

Looking upstream: analyzing the protection of the drainage area of Amazon rivers

Rosane Barbosa Lopes Cavalcante, Ayan Santos Fleischmann, PAULO ROGENES MONTEIRO PONTES

Published: 2023-11-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Sustainability, Water Resource Management

In the Amazon, aquatic ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services, including transportation, food, and livelihoods for millions of species. Land use changes and management impact these ecosystem services, and these impacts are not limited to the specific areas where they occur but propagate downstream along the drainage network. However, assessment of the accumulated human footprint upstream [...]

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