Preprints
Filtering by Subject: Education
Toward Greater Clarity: Reanalyzing Solomon’s Depiction of the Ross Ice Shelf Atmospheric Dynamic
Published: 2025-10-10
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
In her book The Coldest March, Dr. Susan Solomon’s influential interpretation of the meteorological conditions surrounding Captain Scott’s South Pole expedition emphasizes the role of extreme weather. However, a reassessment of her characterization of atmospheric dynamics over the Ross Ice Shelf—particularly regarding katabatic winds and airstream structure—reveals discrepancies with established [...]
Secondary Education Students’ Misconceptions on Principles of Geology: Minerals and Rocks
Published: 2025-09-06
Subjects: Education
The purpose of this research is to investigate the misconceptions related to geological concepts among Secondary Education students in the region of Achaia, Greece. The study focuses on both Lower Secondary Education (Gymnasium, grades 7–9) and Upper Secondary Education, including General and Vocational Education (grades 10–12). Previous research has shown that students entering Lower Secondary [...]
Band ratio to band difference for Chl of oceanic waters: broke a self-imposed no-touch zone
Published: 2025-08-28
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
There are many empirical algorithms developed for the remote sensing of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl) from ocean color measurements, with the blue-green band-ratio type of algorithms dominating these practices. During the phase of algorithm development, which is data-driven, generally the errors of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) from satellites are ignored until Hu et al. (2012) developed a [...]
Development of Low-Cost, Open-Source Unmanned Surface Vehicle for Water System Monitoring
Published: 2025-08-27
Subjects: Education, Engineering
Commercially available Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) in the market are expensive, and the software used for automating navigation and bathymetry mapping are typically proprietary. Large scale collection of water quantity and quality data requires dynamic in-situ sensing approaches with open-source software for user flexibility. This manuscript presents an open-source, economic, and efficient [...]
Assessing the Economic and Environmental Benefits of Nature-Based Solutions for Sustainable Infrastructure. A Case of Kumasi, Ghana
Published: 2025-08-26
Subjects: Education
Kumasi, Ghana, and most rapidly developing cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are confronted with increasing environmental and infrastructure concerns as a result of rapid urbanization, inadequate land use planning, and climate change. Traditional grey infrastructure has been inadequate in mitigating these problems. This paper assessed the economic and environmental advantages of Nature-Based Solutions [...]
Virunga Volcanoes Supersite Biennial Report: 2017- 2019
Published: 2025-08-09
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Virunga Volcanoes is the first Supersite established on the African continent in a highly populated Multi-hazards region. This permanent Supersite was established in a critical context as little was known about the Virunga hazards sources and their dynamics, and little done as measures to evaluate, mitigate and reduce their impacts. Similarly, the active volcanoes are poorly studied and [...]
The 1908 Tunguska event and electromagnetic phenomena
Published: 2025-07-31
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. In this paper its author would like to draw attention to the arguments about the manifestations of electromagnetic phenomena in the 1908 Tunguska event. A review is provided of some data supporting the idea about the manifestation of electromagnetic phenomena. Although there is no direct [...]
Quantum Entropy & Probabilistic Clustering for Uncertainty-Aware Groundwater Quality Assessment in Geochemically Complex Terrains of Eastern India
Published: 2025-07-25
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Groundwater quality assessment in geochemically heterogeneous regions is often constrained by deterministic models that overlook spatial variability, inter-parameter dependencies, and system uncertainty. This study proposes a novel Quantum Entropy-based Groundwater Quality Index (QEGWI), which leverages von Neumann entropy derived from quantum density matrices to weight hydrogeochemical [...]
Domain-Specific Embedding Models for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences: Enhancing Semantic Retrieval and Question Answering in RAG Pipelines
Published: 2025-07-11
Subjects: Education, Engineering
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across natural language processing tasks, yet their general-purpose embeddings often fall short in domains with specialized terminology and complex syntax, such as hydrology and environmental science. This study introduces HydroEmbed, a suite of open-source sentence embedding models fine-tuned for four QA formats: multiple-choice (MCQ), [...]
Multi-Model Machine Learning Analysis of Urban Temperature Trends: A Comparative Study on Climate Change Impacts in U.S. Cities of Midwest KANI Region
Published: 2025-07-01
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Life Sciences
Urban temperature prediction is critical for regional climate planning, environmental monitoring, and thermal hazard mitigation. This study employs a multi-model supervised machine learning framework to predict and forecast daily urban air temperatures and evaluate model performance across key counties in the U.S. Midwest KANI region: Polk (IA), Pulaski (AR), Lancaster (NE), and Johnson (KS), [...]
HydroBlox: AI-Assisted Visual Programming Framework for Enhanced Scientific Reproducibility in Hydrology
Published: 2025-06-20
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computational Engineering, Education, Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, Science and Mathematics Education
Scientific workflow reproducibility for hydrological and environmental analyses remains a challenge due to the heterogeneity of data sources, analysis protocols, and evolving visualization needs. This study introduces HydroBlox, a client-side browser-based framework that supports the creation, execution, and export of hydrological workflows using a visual programming interface. The platform [...]
The 1993 Jerzmanowice event in Poland and the 1908 Tunguska event
Published: 2025-06-17
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
This paper is a continuation of a series of works, devoted to various aspects of the 1908 Tunguska event. In this paper its author would like to draw attention to the phenomenon that is sometimes called the Polish Tunguska in the Polish media, although it would probably be more correct to call it mini-Tunguska. In the evening of January 14, 1993, the village Jerzmanowice (about 20 km NW from [...]
Microbial dynamics in an intertrappean lake during the terminal phase of Deccan volcanism
Published: 2025-06-11
Subjects: Education, Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Biogeochemical changes associated with Deccan volcanism and their potential link to the K/Pg extinction event are still debated in Palaeoclimate research. Contemporary terrestrial organosedimentary deposits are important archives for understanding the perturbation in the biogeochemical cycling during this critical episode in Earth's history. Here, we report an intertrappean lacustrine carbonate [...]
Most bivalves and gastropods calcify indistinguishably from dual clumped isotope equilibrium
Published: 2025-05-14
Subjects: Education
Molluscan shell-carbonates are extensively used to reconstruct paleo-temperatures at sub-annual resolution. The accurate application of two widely used temperature proxies, the shell carbonate oxygen isotope (ẟ18O) and carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) composition, is based on the assumption that kinetics in the DIC-H2O-CaCO3 system were either absent or invariant during shell formation and/or [...]
GeoAI-based Urban Environmental Forecasting: A Remote Sensing Driven Hybrid Deep Learning and Machine Learning Framework
Published: 2025-05-03
Subjects: Education, Engineering
This study presents a hybrid GeoAI forecasting framework for long-term environmental monitoring in Dhaka, Bangladesh, one of the most densely populated and environmentally degraded megacities in the Global South. Using a 25-year record (2000–2024) of multi-source satellite and climate data, we modeled monthly trends in five key variables: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Bare Soil [...]