Preprints
There are 6247 Preprints listed.
PING-Mapper: open-source software for automated benthic imaging and mapping using recreation-grade sonar
Published: 2022-06-14
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation
The characterization of benthic habitats is essential for aquatic ecosystem science and management, but is frequently limited by waterbody visibility and depth. Recreation-grade side scan sonar systems are increasingly used to aid scientific inquiries in shallow water due to their relative low-cost, ease of operation, low-weight, and ease of mounting on a variety of vessels. However, existing [...]
The Mechanisms of Tsunami Amplification and the Earthquake Source of the 2021 M7 Acapulco, Mexico, Earthquake
Published: 2022-06-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Here we show a slip model for the 2021 M7 Acapulco, Mexico, earthquake produced by inversion of strong motion, GNSS, tide gauge, and InSAR data. The earthquake occurs within the Guerrero gap, identified as a region of concern for its seismogenic potential and paucity of large events. We find that rupture was compact, constrained to depths between 10 and 20 km and consistent of two main slip [...]
Sub-seasonal Prediction of Central European Summer Heatwaves with Linear and Random Forest Machine Learning Models
Published: 2022-06-02
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Atmospheric Sciences
Heatwaves are extreme near-surface temperature events that can have substantial impacts on ecosystems and society. Early Warning Systems help to reduce these impacts by helping communities prepare for hazardous climate-related events. However, state-of-the-art prediction systems can often not make accurate forecasts of heatwaves more than two weeks in advance, which are required for advance [...]
Space-time landslide hazard modeling via Ensemble Neural Networks
Published: 2022-06-02
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Statistics and Probability
For decades, a full numerical description of the spatio-temporal dynamics of a landslide could be achieved only via physics-based models. The part of the geomorphology community focusing on data-driven model has instead focused on predicting where landslides may occur via susceptibility models. Moreover, they have estimated when landslides may occur via models that belong to the [...]
Foraminifera as a tool for the reconstruction of paleobathymetry and geohazard: A case study from Taiwan
Published: 2022-06-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The calcite tests of foraminifera are an important biogenic component of marine sediments. The abundance of foraminiferal tests in marine sediments broadly varies with bathymetry, thus has been used to reconstruct paleobathymetry. It is also promising as a tracer for downslope transport triggered by earthquakes and typhoons, especially if the displaced material from shallow locality contrasts [...]
Uniformitarian prediction of early-Pleistocene atmospheric CO2
Published: 2022-06-02
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A number of groups attempted to predict atmospheric CO2 concentrations between 420 to 800 ka prior to publication of the Dome C ice-core record by the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, EPICA. The predictions that fared best assumed that the relationships between CO2 and proxies of air temperature remained consistent over the past 800 ky [7]. Here we extend predictions of atmospheric [...]
Thermal forcing modulates North American Monsoon intensity
Published: 2022-06-02
Subjects: Climate, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Understanding the response of monsoon dynamics to climatic forcing is cru- cial for anticipating future shifts in freshwater availability across the global tropics. In this regard, a recent study [1] concludes that precipitation within the core of the North American Monsoon (NAM) should be understood as “convectively enhanced orographic rainfall in a mechanically forced stationary wave, not as a [...]
Wave2Web: Near-real-time reservoir availability prediction for water security in India
Published: 2022-06-02
Subjects: Planetary Hydrology
By 2050, over half the world's population will live in water-stressed areas. Medium-term drought forecasting can help planners avoid ``day-zero'' events and adapt to climate change. Machine learning-based precipitation-runoff modelling enables the prediction of surface water flow using only the meteorological record of a water basin. In this work, we extend a Bayesian LSTM precipitation-runoff [...]
Inclination and heterogeneity of layered geological sequences influence dike-induced ground deformation
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Engineering, Mining Engineering
Constraints on the amount and pattern of ground deformation induced by dike emplacement are important for assessing potential eruptions. The vast majority of ground deformation inversions made for volcano monitoring during volcanic unrest assume that dikes are emplaced in either an elastic-half space (a homogeneous crust) or a crust made of horizontal layers with different mechanical properties. [...]
MAGEMin, an efficient Gibbs energy minimizer: application to igneous systems
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Prediction of stable mineral equilibria in the Earth’s lithosphere is critical to un- ravel the tectonomagmatic history of exposed geological sections. While the recent ad- vances in geodynamic modelling allow us to explore the dynamics of magmatic trans- fer in solid mediums, there is to date no available thermodynamic package that can eas- ily be linked and efficiently accounts for the [...]
Magnetic fabrics of rhyolite ignimbrites reveal complex emplacement dynamics of pyroclastic density currents, an example from the Altenberg–Teplice Caldera, Bohemian Massif
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is commonly used to infer the flow dynamics, source areas, and post-emplacement processes of pyroclastic density currents (PDC) of young calderas (i.e. Cenozoic). At older calderas, the primary record is often obscured by post-emplacement deformation and/or long-term erosion. Here, we focus on the ~314–313 Ma welded ignimbrites inside the [...]
Mantle plumes and their interactions
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Hotspots are regions of intraplate volcanism or especially strong volcanism along plate boundaries, and many of them are likely caused by underlying mantle plumes – localized hot upwellings from deep inside the Earth. It is still uncertain, whether all plumes or just some of them rise from the lowermost mantle, and to what extent and where they entrain chemically different materials. Also, [...]
Bayesian modelling of piecewise trends and discontinuities to improve the estimation of coastal vertical land motion
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
One of the major sources of uncertainty affecting vertical land motion (VLM) estimations are discontinuities and trend changes. Trend changes are most commonly caused by seismic deformation, but can also stem from long-term (decadal to multidecadal) surface loading changes or from local origins. Although these issues have been extensively addressed for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) [...]
The historical impact of anthropogenic air-borne sulphur on the Pleistocene rock art of Sulawesi
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Geochemistry, Natural Resources and Conservation
The Maros-Pangkep karst in southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia, contains some of the world’s oldest rock art. However, the Pleistocene images survive only as weathered patches of pigment on exfoliated limestone surfaces. Salt efflorescence underneath the case-hardened limestone substrate causes spall-flaking, and it has been proposed that the loss of artwork has accelerated over recent decades. Here, [...]
Visualizing Best and Worst Case Scenarios in Joint, Constrained, and Time-Dependent Inversions I: Null-Space Transfer and Image-Space Contradictions
Published: 2022-05-31
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Because geophysical inversion is used in many vital societal applications, it is unfortunate that some aspects of inverse methods are so abstract. The difficulty of identifying fundamental behaviors is exacerbated when investigating large non-linear problems which combine multiple datasets into a single model, or which produce multiple models with constraints between them. In this first of [...]