Preprints
There are 6247 Preprints listed.
Petrographic characteristics in the pumice clast deposited along the Gulf of Thailand, drifted from Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba
Published: 2022-04-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The 2021 eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba (FOB) in the northwest Pacific on 13 August 2021 produced a large volume of pumice that drifted westward for ~1300 km to the Nansei Islands, Japan, and some extent. In February 2022, pumice with similar characteristics to the FOB pumice was deposited along along the Gulf of Thailand. The pumice clasts deposited in Songkhla Province, Thailand, were <4 cm in [...]
New maps of global geologic provinces and tectonic plates
Published: 2022-04-22
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Tectonics and Structure
Accurate spatial models of tectonic plates and geological terranes are important for analyzing and interpreting a wide variety of geoscientific data and developing compositional and physical models of the lithosphere. We present a global compilation of active plate boundaries and geological provinces in a shapefile format with interpretive attributes (e.g., crust type, plate type, province type, [...]
A minimally cemented shallow crust beneath InSight
Published: 2022-04-22
Subjects: Planetary Geology, Planetary Geophysics and Seismology, Planetary Hydrology, Planetary Sciences, Planetary Sedimentology
Ice and other mineral cements in Mars’ shallow subsurface affect the mechanical properties of the shallow crust, the geologic processes that shape the planet’s surface, and the search for past or extant Martian life. Cements increase seismic velocities. We use rock physics models to infer cement properties from seismic velocities. Model results confirm that the upper 300 m of Mars beneath InSight [...]
Persistent influence of precession on northern ice sheet variability since the early Pleistocene
Published: 2022-04-22
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Before ~1M years ago, variations in global ice volume were dominated by changes in obliquity but the role of precession remains unresolved. Using a record of North Atlantic ice rafting spanning the last 1.7Myr, we find that the onset of ice rafting within a given glacial cycle (reflecting ice sheet expansion) consistently occurred during times of decreasing obliquity, while mass ice wasting [...]
GEDI Launches a New Era of Biomass Inference from Space
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Earth Sciences, Other Earth Sciences, Other Forestry and Forest Sciences, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology
Accurate estimation of aboveground forest biomass stocks is required to assess the impacts of land use changes such as deforestation and subsequent regrowth on concentrations of atmospheric CO2. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is a lidar mission launched by NASA to the International Space Station in 2018. GEDI was specifically designed to retrieve vegetation structure within a [...]
Democratizing Deep Learning Applications in Earth and Climate Sciences on the Web: EarthAIHub
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Computer Sciences, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Environmental Sciences
Most deep learning application studies have limited accessibility and reproducibility for researchers and students in many domains, especially in earth and climate sciences. In order to provide a step towards improving accessibility to deep learning models in such disciplines, this study presents a community-driven framework and repository, EarthAIHub, that is powered by TensorFlow.js, where deep [...]
Automated detection of microfossil fish teeth from slide images using combined deep learning models
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Sedimentology
Microfossil fish teeth, known as ichthyoliths, provide a key constraint on the depositional age and environment of deep-sea sediments, especially pelagic clays where siliceous and calcareous microfossils are rarely observed. However, traditional methods for the observation of ichthyoliths require considerable time and manual labor, which can hinder their wider application. In this study, we [...]
Mathematical determination of discrete sampling locations minimizing both the number of samples and the maximum interpolation error: application to measurements of surface ocean properties
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Over the past three decades, started extensive measurements of ocean properties at fixed stations throughout the water column, as well as in the surface ocean via oceanographic ships and via ships of opportunity. The later ones were particularly used to determine the air-sea CO2 fluxes from automated measurements of sea-surface temperature, salinity, and CO2 fugacity. These underway measurements, [...]
Exploring the depositional, diagenetic and carbon-oxygen isotope record of an evolving Ordovician carbonate system, Tarim Basin, China
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Bulk-rock based carbon-oxygen chemostratigraphy should be combined with a detailed understanding of depositional facies (mineralogy, porosity), its 2D-chronostratigraphic architecture, and diagenesis. The Ordovician of the western Tarim Basin recorded a peculiar litho-biostratigraphic succession. The Darriwilian Yijianfang Formation formed part of a carbonate ramp dominated by filter feeders. [...]
Turbulence structure and the development of secondary outer-bank flow cells at multiple discharges in a meander bend
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
The erosion of the outer-banks of meander bends is mediated by the form roughness of the bank topography, which has been shown to affect near bank three-dimension flow structures and shear stresses. As the scales of bank roughness is known to vary vertically from bank toe to bank edge variations in flow discharge are likely to driver changes in near-bank flow velocities and turbulent structures [...]
Modeling the size of co-seismic landslides via data-driven models: the Kaikōura's example
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
The last three decades have witnessed a substantial methodical development of data-driven models for landslide prediction. However, this improvement has been dedicated almost exclusively to models designed to recognize locations where landslides may likely occur in the future. This notion is referred to as landslide susceptibility. However, the susceptibility is just one, albeit fundamental, [...]
Influence of variation of some parameters on the HYPO-like location of seismic swarm. Synthetic study based on real data from the West-Bohemia region
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The West-Bohemia/Vogtland region is well known for the occurrence of intraplate earthquake swarms. Those are monitored by the seismic network WEBNET. The relative locations, often used for estimation of the swarm time development, depend on the quality of the initial absolute location. In routine practice, hypocenters in the area are mostly located using the upper crustal 1-D velocity-depth model [...]
Fluid-driven transport of round sediment particles: from discrete simulations to continuum modeling
Published: 2022-04-17
Subjects: Applied Mechanics, Geomorphology, Hydrology
Bedload sediment transport is ubiquitous in shaping natural and engineered landscapes, but the variability in the relation between sediment flux and driving factors is not well understood. At a given Shields number, the observed dimensionless transport rate can vary over a range in controlled systems and up to several orders of magnitude in natural streams. Here we (1) experimentally validate a [...]
The spatial and temporal domains of natural climate solutions
Published: 2022-04-17
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Natural climate solutions (NCS) have been proposed to mitigate climate change by removing CO2 from the atmosphere and increasing organic carbon storage in ecosystems. Adoption is required at global scales, but implementation of NCS have been limited by the lack of a systematic framework to prioritize ecosystem restoration or conservation at local and regional scales. Current carbon sequestration [...]
Global biomass fires and infant mortality
Published: 2022-04-16
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Physical and Environmental Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Global outdoor biomass burning is a major contributor to air pollution, especially in low and middle-income countries. Recent years have witnessed substantial changes in the extent of biomass burning, including large declines in Africa. However, direct evidence on the contribution of biomass burning to global health outcomes remains limited. Here we use georeferenced data on more than 2 million [...]