Preprints
There are 6255 Preprints listed.
Mathematical determination of discrete sampling locations minimizing both the number of samples and the maximum interpolation error: application to measurements of surface ocean properties
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Over the past three decades, started extensive measurements of ocean properties at fixed stations throughout the water column, as well as in the surface ocean via oceanographic ships and via ships of opportunity. The later ones were particularly used to determine the air-sea CO2 fluxes from automated measurements of sea-surface temperature, salinity, and CO2 fugacity. These underway measurements, [...]
Exploring the depositional, diagenetic and carbon-oxygen isotope record of an evolving Ordovician carbonate system, Tarim Basin, China
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Bulk-rock based carbon-oxygen chemostratigraphy should be combined with a detailed understanding of depositional facies (mineralogy, porosity), its 2D-chronostratigraphic architecture, and diagenesis. The Ordovician of the western Tarim Basin recorded a peculiar litho-biostratigraphic succession. The Darriwilian Yijianfang Formation formed part of a carbonate ramp dominated by filter feeders. [...]
Turbulence structure and the development of secondary outer-bank flow cells at multiple discharges in a meander bend
Published: 2022-04-20
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
The erosion of the outer-banks of meander bends is mediated by the form roughness of the bank topography, which has been shown to affect near bank three-dimension flow structures and shear stresses. As the scales of bank roughness is known to vary vertically from bank toe to bank edge variations in flow discharge are likely to driver changes in near-bank flow velocities and turbulent structures [...]
Modeling the size of co-seismic landslides via data-driven models: the Kaikōura's example
Published: 2022-04-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology
The last three decades have witnessed a substantial methodical development of data-driven models for landslide prediction. However, this improvement has been dedicated almost exclusively to models designed to recognize locations where landslides may likely occur in the future. This notion is referred to as landslide susceptibility. However, the susceptibility is just one, albeit fundamental, [...]
Influence of variation of some parameters on the HYPO-like location of seismic swarm. Synthetic study based on real data from the West-Bohemia region
Published: 2022-04-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The West-Bohemia/Vogtland region is well known for the occurrence of intraplate earthquake swarms. Those are monitored by the seismic network WEBNET. The relative locations, often used for estimation of the swarm time development, depend on the quality of the initial absolute location. In routine practice, hypocenters in the area are mostly located using the upper crustal 1-D velocity-depth model [...]
Fluid-driven transport of round sediment particles: from discrete simulations to continuum modeling
Published: 2022-04-16
Subjects: Applied Mechanics, Geomorphology, Hydrology
Bedload sediment transport is ubiquitous in shaping natural and engineered landscapes, but the variability in the relation between sediment flux and driving factors is not well understood. At a given Shields number, the observed dimensionless transport rate can vary over a range in controlled systems and up to several orders of magnitude in natural streams. Here we (1) experimentally validate a [...]
The spatial and temporal domains of natural climate solutions
Published: 2022-04-16
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Natural climate solutions (NCS) have been proposed to mitigate climate change by removing CO2 from the atmosphere and increasing organic carbon storage in ecosystems. Adoption is required at global scales, but implementation of NCS have been limited by the lack of a systematic framework to prioritize ecosystem restoration or conservation at local and regional scales. Current carbon sequestration [...]
Global biomass fires and infant mortality
Published: 2022-04-15
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Physical and Environmental Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Global outdoor biomass burning is a major contributor to air pollution, especially in low and middle-income countries. Recent years have witnessed substantial changes in the extent of biomass burning, including large declines in Africa. However, direct evidence on the contribution of biomass burning to global health outcomes remains limited. Here we use georeferenced data on more than 2 million [...]
Soil dryness and its lead relationship to wildfires in the Apalachicola National Forest, Florida, USA
Published: 2022-04-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Climate models show rainy seasons getting rainier and dry seasons getting drier due to global warming from increasing greenhouse gases but local changes in drying, the understanding of which is important for mitigation efforts, will not necessarily match the global response. Here long-term weather observations from the Weather Service Office in Tallahassee are used to examine soil moisture [...]
Understanding surface-wave modal content for high-resolution imaging of submarine sediments with Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Published: 2022-04-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Ocean Bottom Distributed Acoustic Sensing (OBDAS) is emerging as a new measurement method providing dense, high-fidelity, and broadband seismic observations from fibre-optic cables deployed offshore. In this study, we focus on 33 km of a telecommunication cable located offshore the Sanriku region, Japan, and apply seismic interferometry to obtain a high-resolution 2-D shear-wave velocity (VS) [...]
A global analysis of controls on submarine-canyon geomorphology
Published: 2022-04-15
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
ABSTRACT The role of possible controlling factors in influencing the geomorphology of submarine canyons has been investigated using a database of 282 globally distributed modern examples collated from the literature and open-source worldwide bathymetry. Canyon geomorphology has been characterized quantitatively in terms of maximum and average canyon dimensions, canyon sinuosity, average canyon [...]
Production of diverse brGDGTs by Acidobacterium Solibacter usitatus in response to temperature, pH, and O2 provides a culturing perspective on brGDGT paleoproxies and biosynthesis
Published: 2022-04-15
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Upstream propagation of sea-level signals in fluvio-deltaic environments: time-lags and the dynamics of the fluvial surface
Published: 2022-04-14
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stratigraphic interpretation generally relies upon the assumption that the fluvio-deltaic surface responds uniformly to sea-level changes; however, recent theoretical work suggests that changes in its relief and concavity can influence the propagation of sea-level information upstream and result in geologically long-lived lags in the system response. We test this theoretical result using [...]
Expansion and intensification of the North American Monsoon during the Pliocene
Published: 2022-04-14
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Southwestern North America, like many subtropical regions, is predicted to become drier in response to anthropogenic warming. However, during the Pliocene, when carbon dioxide was above pre-industrial levels, multiple lines of evidence suggest that southwestern North America was much wetter. While existing explanations for a wet Pliocene invoke increases in winter rain, recent modeling studies [...]
Maars, tuff rings, and tuff cones at the Manyara rift escarpment, Tanzania.
Published: 2022-04-14
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
About 350 maar craters, tuff rings, and tuff cones are spread along the Manyara rift escarpment, and clustered around the Hanang and Kwahara volcanoes in North Tanzania. They lie in the East African Rift, an active extensional setting, where the magma composition is moderately to highly alkaline and carbonate-rich. We present newly-collected depositional characteristic observations, grain size [...]