Preprints
There are 5496 Preprints listed.
Geochemical signatures of rare earth elements and yttrium in the vicinity of an ion-adsorption type deposit: roles of source sediment control
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry, Geology, Hydrology
The elevated concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and yttrium (REE+Y) in acid mine drainage (AMD) constitute an opportunity for REE+Y recovery. However, the source and control of REE+Y signatures in AMD remains uncertain. Water, rock, sediment and sludge samples were collected from an ion-adsorption rare earth mining area to investigate REE+Y concentration and fractionation patterns in [...]
Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Near Surface Imaging from Submarine Telecommunication Cable: Case Study in the Trondheim Fjord
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Signal Processing, Systems and Communications
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) transforms submarine telecommunication cables into densely sampled seismic receivers. To demonstrate DAS applications for seismic imaging, we use an optical cable on the seafloor in the Trondheim Fjord, Norway, to record seismic data generated by a controlled seismic source. The data are simultaneously recorded by a towed hydrophone array and the fiber optic [...]
Influence of variable decoupling between vertically separated fault populations on structural inheritance – The Laminaria High, NW Shelf of Australia
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
When extension events are greatly separated in time, older faults may be buried and stratigraphically separated from newly developing faults at shallower depths. During rifting, the buried structures may reactivate and propagate upwards to be expressed within the shallow system. The degree of linkage between structural levels determines the influence that the deeper structures can exert over the [...]
Distributed chaos of the atmospheric tracers
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
It is shown, using results of numerical simulations, atmospheric experiments and observations with natural trace-gases (ozone, carbon dioxide etc.), that the spatio-temporal distributed chaos can provide good quantitative description of the statistical properties of the passive scalar tracers in the atmosphere from the atmospheric surface layer up to the stratosphere. Related properties of the [...]
Advancing floating macroplastic detection from space using hyperspectral imagery
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, Other Environmental Sciences
Airborne and spaceborne remote sensing (RS) collecting hyperspectral imagery provides unprecedented opportunities for the detection and monitoring of floating riverine and marine plastic debris. However, a major challenge in the application of RS techniques is the lack of fundamental understanding of spectral signatures of water-borne plastic debris. Recent work has emphasised the case for [...]
Mapping methane point emissions with the PRISMA spaceborne imaging spectrometer
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
The detection of methane emissions from fossil fuel production activities, such as oil and gas extraction and coal mining, has been identified as a key means for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Several types of optical satellite sensors have recently been shown to be instrumental for this task. Spaceborne imaging spectrometers belong to this group. These instruments [...]
A Persistent Non-uniformitarian Paleomagnetic Field in the Devonian?
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Devonian, like much of the Paleozoic, has long been a problematic period for paleomagnetism. Devonian paleomagnetic data are generally difficult to interpret and have complex partial or full overprints; problems that arise in data obtained from both sedimentary and igneous rocks. As a result, the reconstruction of tectonic plate motions, performed largely using apparent polar wander paths, [...]
The influence of rock uplift rate on the formation and preservation of individual marine terraces during multiple sea level stands
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Climate, Geology, Geomorphology
Marine terraces are a cornerstone for the study of paleo sea level and crustal deformation. Commonly, individual erosive marine terraces are attributed to unique sea level high-stands. This stems from early reasoning that erosive marine platforms could only be significantly widened at the beginning of an interglacial. However, this implies that wave erosion is insignificant during the vast [...]
Multiple imputation via chained equations for elastic well log imputation and prediction
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Well logging is an essential component in the petroleum industry for developing a proper understanding of the subsurface geology and formation conditions. Unfortunately, the measurements are rarely complete and missing data intervals are common due to operational issues or malfunction of the logging device. Therefore the imputation of missing data from down-hole well logs is a common problem in [...]
Primordial and recycled sulfur sampled by the Iceland mantle plume
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry
Stable sulfur isotope ratios of mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalts (MORBs and OIBs) preserve unique information about early Earth processes and the long-term volatile cycles between Earth’s mantle and the surface. Icelandic basalts present ideal material to examine the oldest known terrestrial mantle reservoir, accessed through a deep-rooted mantle plume, but their multiple sulfur [...]
Structural Inheritance Controls Strain Distribution During Early Continental Rifting, Rukwa Rift
Published: 2021-05-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Little is known about rift kinematics and strain distribution during the earliest phase of extension due to the deep burial of the pre-rift and earliest rift structures beneath younger, rift-related deposits. Yet, this exact phase of basin development ultimately sets the stage for the location of continental plate divergence and breakup. Here, we investigate the structure and strain distribution [...]
A re-examination of the mechanism of whiting events: A new role for diatoms in Fayetteville Green Lake (New York, USA)
Published: 2021-05-09
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Geochemistry, Life Sciences, Sedimentology
Whiting events – the episodic precipitation of fine-grained suspended calcium cabonates in the water column – have been documented across a variety of marine and lacustrine environments. Whitings likely are a major source of carbonate muds, a constituent of limestones, and important archives for geochemical proxies of Earth history. While several biological and physical mechanisms have been [...]
What you net depends on if you grab: A meta-analysis of sampling method's impact on measured aquatic microplastic concentration
Published: 2021-05-09
Subjects: Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys, Environmental Monitoring, Fresh Water Studies, Hydrology, Other Environmental Sciences
Microplastic pollution is measured with a variety of sampling methods. Field experiments indicate that commonly used sampling methods, including net, pump and grab samples, do not always result in equivalent measured concentration. We investigate the comparability of these methods through a meta-analysis of over one hundred surface water microplastic studies. We find systematic relationships [...]
Advancing river corridor science beyond disciplinary boundaries with an inductive approach to catalyse hypothesis generation
Published: 2021-05-09
Subjects: Hydrology
A unified conceptual framework for river corridors requires synthesis of diverse site-, method- and discipline-specific findings. The river research community has developed a substantial body of observations and process-specific interpretations, but we are still lacking a comprehensive model to distill this knowledge into fundamental transferable concepts. We confront the challenge of how a [...]
Thermo-Chemical Dynamics in Earth's Core Arising from Interactions with the Mantle
Published: 2021-05-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Thermo-chemical interactions at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) play an integral role in determining the dynamics and evolution Earth's deep interior. This review considers the processes in the core that arise from heat and mass transfer at the CMB, with particular focus on thermo-chemical stratification and the precipitation of oxides. A fundamental parameter is the thermal conductivity of the [...]