Preprints
There are 4725 Preprints listed.
Assessing Climate Model Projections of Anthropogenic Warming Patterns
Published: 2019-07-16
Subjects: Climate, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Projections of future anthropogenic climate change and their uncertainties are determined by analyzing large ensembles of numerical climate models. Since the late 1980s, transient climate models have projected a pronounced global warming, with relatively high warming in the Arctic and over land and low warming over the Southern Ocean. In general, confidence in climate model projections is based [...]
Terrane boundary reactivation, barriers to lateral fault propagation and reactivated fabrics - Rifting across the Median Batholith Zone, Great South Basin, New Zealand
Published: 2019-07-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
Prominent structural heterogeneities within the lithosphere may localise or partition strain and deformation during tectonic events. The NE-trending Great South Basin, offshore New Zealand, formed perpendicular to a series of underlying crustal terranes, including the dominantly granitic Median Batholith Zone, which along with boundaries between individual terranes, exert a strong control on rift [...]
Southern Ocean Phytoplankton Blooms Observed by Biogeochemical Floats
Published: 2019-07-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The spring bloom in the Southern Ocean is the rapid-growth phase of the seasonal cycle in phytoplankton. Many previous studies have characterized the spring bloom using chlorophyll estimates from satellite ocean color observations. Assumptions regarding the chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio within phytoplankton and vertical structure of biogeochemical variables lead to uncertainty in satellite-based [...]
Heat distribution in the Southeast Pacific is only weakly sensitive to high-latitude heat flux and wind stress
Published: 2019-07-16
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Southern Ocean features regionally-varying ventilation pathways that transport heat and carbon from the surface ocean to the interior thermocline on timescales of decades to centuries, but the factors that control the distribution of heat along these pathways are not well understood. In this study, we use a global ocean state estimate (ECCOv4) to (1) define the recently ventilated interior [...]
The sensitivity of Southeast Pacific heat distribution to local and remote changes in ocean properties
Published: 2019-07-16
Subjects: Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Southern Ocean features ventilation pathways that transport surface waters into the subsurface thermocline on timescales of decades to centuries, sequestering anomalies of heat and carbon away from the atmosphere and thereby regulating the rate of surface warming. Despite its importance for climate sensitivity, the factors that control the distribution of heat along these pathways are not [...]
Influence of fault roughness on surface displacement: from numerical simulations to coseismic slip distributions
Published: 2019-07-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Field studies characterized early on natural faults as rough, i.e. non-planar at all scales. Fault roughness induces local stress perturbations, which dramatically affect rupture behavior, resulting in slip heterogeneity. The relation between fault roughness and produced slip remains, however, a key knowledge gap in current numerical and field studies. In this study, we analyze numerical [...]
Seismological evidence for subcrustal magmatic injection beneath Fogo volcano, Cape Verde hotspot
Published: 2019-07-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Fogo volcano belongs to the Cape Verde hotspot and its most recent eruption occurred from November 2014 to February 2015. From January to December 2016 we operated a temporary seismic network on Fogo and were able to locate 289 earthquakes in total. While most of the events occur at distances > 25 km near the neighboring island of Brava. However, on 15th August 2016 we recorded an isolated [...]
δ13C values of bacterial hopanoids and leaf waxes as tracers for methanotrophy in peatlands
Published: 2019-07-08
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Methane emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to atmospheric CH4 levels and play an essential role in the global carbon cycle. The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of bacterial and plant lipids has been used to study modern and past peatland biogeochemistry, especially methane cycling. However, the small number of recent peatlands that have been characterised and the lack of [...]
Fringe or background: Characterizing deep-water mudstones beyond the basin-floor fan sandstone pinchout
Published: 2019-07-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology
Mud dominates volumetrically the fraction of sediment delivered and deposited in deep-water environments, and mudstone is a major component of basin-floor successions. However, studies of basin-floor deposits have mainly focused on their proximal sandstone-prone part. A consequent bias therefore remains in the understanding of depositional processes and stratigraphic architecture in [...]
Photonic seismology in Monterey Bay: Dark fiber DAS illuminates offshore faults and coastal ocean dynamics
Published: 2019-07-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Emerging fiber-optic sensing technology coupled to existing subsea telecommunications cables can provide access to unprecedented seafloor observations of both ocean and solid earth phenomena. During March 2018, we conducted a Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) measurement campaign along a buried fiber-optic cable typically used for data transfer to and from a scientific cabled observatory [...]
The Leaning Puy de Dôme
Published: 2019-07-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Acidic lava domes are a special monogenetic volcano type with explosive eruption hazards. Such domes raise questions about the nature of monogenetic volcanism. We study the iconic Puy de Dôme (Chaîne des Puys, Auvergne) that gave its name to dome landforms. It is asymmetric with one side more rugged and steeper than the other. Using mapping and paleomagnetism we find that it was tilted by ~20° [...]
Tectonic stress controls saucer-shaped sill geometry
Published: 2019-07-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Saucer-shaped sills are common in sedimentary basins worldwide. The saucer shape relates to asymmetric stress distributions at the sill-tip during intrusion caused by bending of the overburden. Most saucer-shaped sill models are conducted without tectonic stress. Model results are poorly correlated with natural sills in that: (1) modelled saucers are much steeper than natural sills; and (2) [...]
Finite element simulations of sill intrusion during tectonic loading
Published: 2019-07-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Igneous sills are common features in tectonically active regions, acting as nascent magma storage systems, or feeding eruptions at large lateral distances from the magma source. Sills reaching a critical radius, rc, relative to their initial depth, H, interact with Earth’s surface, leading to mild discordant growth at angle [theta] typically <10[deg] forming saucer-shaped sills; commonly [...]
Tectonic controls on the Maastrichtian-Danian transgression in the Magallanes-Austral foreland basin (Chile): Implications for the growth of the Southern Patagonian Andes
Published: 2019-07-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
The Maastrichtian-Danian transgression was one of the most extensive Atlantic-derived marine incursions in Patagonia. This study examines its stratigraphic record and origin in the Magallanes-Austral Basin, revealing an interplay of sedimentation, tectonism, and base-level changes, which contribute to our understanding of foreland basin dynamics. We present a multidisciplinary approach from a [...]
Neoglacial trends in diatom dynamics from a small alpine lake in the Qinling Mountains of central China
Published: 2019-07-05
Subjects: Geography, Life Sciences, Physical and Environmental Geography, Social and Behavioral Sciences
During the latter stages of the Holocene, and prior to anthropogenic global warming, the Earth underwent a period of cooling called the neoglacial. The neoglacial was associated with declining summer insolation and changes to Earth surface albedo. Although impacts varied globally, in China the neoglacial was generally associated with cooler, more arid climate, which led to renewed permafrost [...]