Preprints
There are 5525 Preprints listed.
Spatial Disaggregation of Particulate Matter Emission Inventory in the Metropolitan Area of Aburr\'a Valley for Air Quality Modelling
Published: 2020-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Other Environmental Sciences
In this paper a local emission inventory for PM10 and PM2.5 is presented that has been developed using a top-down spatial disaggregation of the official emission inventory for the Metropolitan Area of the Aburra Valley in Colombia. The local emission inventory was evaluated using the LOTOS-EUROS Chemical Transport Model in a high-resolution simulation, and compared with the global emission [...]
Mapping and classifying large deformation from digital imagery: application to analogue models of lithosphere deformation
Published: 2020-10-24
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology, Tectonics and Structure
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), an image cross-correlation technique, is widely used for obtaining velocity fields from series of images of deforming objects. Rather than instantaneous velocities, we are interested in reconstructing cumulative deformation, and use PIV-derived incremental displacements for this purpose. Our focus is on analogue models of tectonic processes, which can accumulate [...]
Microbial lipid signatures in Arctic deltaic sediments - insights into methane cycling and climate variability
Published: 2020-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (GDGTs) are ubiquitous biomolecules whose structural diversity or isotopic composition is increasingly used to reconstruct environmental changes such as air temperatures or pCO2. Isoprenoid GDGTs, in particular GDGT-0, are biosynthesized by a large range of Archaea. To assess the potential of GDGT-0 as a tracer of past methane cycle variations, three sediment [...]
Characterizing seismic scattering in 3D heterogeneous Earth by a single parameter
Published: 2020-10-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
We derive a theoretical parameter for three seismic scattering regimes where seismic wavelengths are either much shorter, similar, or much longer than the correlation length of small-scale Earth heterogeneities. We focus our analysis on the power spectral density of the von Karman autocorrelation function, used to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of small-scale variations of elastic rock [...]
A Storm Hazard Matrix combining coastal flooding and beach erosion
Published: 2020-10-24
Subjects: Oceanography, Other Civil and Environmental Engineering
Coastal storms cause widespread damage to property, infrastructure, economic activity and the environment. Along open sandy coastlines, two of the primary coastal storm hazards are coastal flooding by elevated ocean water levels and beach erosion as the result of storm wave action. At continental margins characterized by a shallow, wide continental shelf, coastal storms are more commonly [...]
A comprehensive study to understand the relationship of urbanization and population density with GRACE ΔTWS for selected study regions in India during 2003-2017
Published: 2020-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Hydrology, Natural Resources and Conservation, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Planetary Hydrology, Remote Sensing, Sustainability, Water Resource Management
This work investigates the relationship between urbanization, population density and meteorological variables (temperature & precipitation) on groundwater storage in India during the period January'2003 to January'2017. Variations in groundwater storage have been analysed using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) derived variations of Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS). In the first part [...]
An Urban Planning Sustainability Framework: Systems Approach to Blue Green Urban Design
Published: 2020-10-23
Subjects: Engineering
The climate emergency and population growth are challenging water security and sustainable urban design in cities worldwide. Sustainable urban development is crucial to minimise pressures on the natural environment and on existing urban infrastructure systems, including water, energy, and land. These pressures are particularly evident in London, which is considered highly vulnerable to water [...]
A Physics-Based Decorrelation Phase CovarianceModel for Noise Reduction in UnwrappedInterferometric Phase Stacks
Published: 2020-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Statistics and Probability
The accuracy of geophysical parameter estimation made with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time-series techniques can be improved with rapidly increasing available data volumes, and with the development of noise covariance matrices applicable to joint analysis of networks of interferograms. Here we present a physics-based decorrelation phase covariance model and discuss [...]
A data assimilation approach to last millennium temperature field reconstruction using a limited high-sensitivity proxy network
Published: 2020-10-23
Subjects: Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Paleoclimate field reconstructions using data assimilation commonly employ large proxy networks, which are often composed of records that have a complex range of sensitivities to the target climate field. This can introduce biases into reconstructions or decrease overall skill. Smaller networks of highly-sensitive proxies provide an alternative, but have not been extensively used for assimilation [...]
Comparing patterns of hurricane washover into built and unbuilt environments
Published: 2020-10-23
Subjects: Geomorphology, Nature and Society Relations, Physical and Environmental Geography, Sustainability
Extreme geohazard events can change landscape morphology by redistributing huge volumes of sediment. Event-driven sediment deposition is typically studied in unbuilt settings – despite the ubiquity of occurrence and high economic cost of these geohazard impacts in built environments. Moreover, sedimentary consequences of extreme events in built settings tend to go unrecorded because they are [...]
ROMY: A Multi-Component Ring Laser for Geodesy and Geophysics
Published: 2020-10-23
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Single-component ring lasers have provided high-resolution observations of Earth's rotation rate as well as local earthquake- or otherwise-induced rotational ground motions. Here we present the design, construction, and operational aspects of ROMY, a four-component, tetrahedral-shaped ring laser installed at the Geophysical Observatory Fürstenfeldbruck near Munich, Germany. Four equilateral, [...]
Development of new Index based supervised algorithm for separation of Built-Up and River Sand pixels from Landsat7 imagery : Comparison of performance with SVM
Published: 2020-10-23
Subjects: Computational Engineering, Engineering, Environmental Engineering
While classifying “built-up” pixels from satel- lite imagery, both machine learning & index based algo- rithms often misclassify “river sand” pixels as “built-up” ones due to the similarity in their spectral profiles. With the help of the spectral reflectance information in BLUE & GREEN bands of Landsat satellite imagery, this study has introduced a new index BRSSI (Built-Up & River Sand [...]
A single multi-scale and multi-sourced semi-automated lineament detection technique for detailed structural mapping with applications to geothermal energy exploration
Published: 2020-10-23
Subjects: Geology, Geomorphology, Tectonics and Structure
A multitude of semi-automated algorithms, many incorporating multi-sourced datasets into a single analysis, now exist. However, these operate at a fixed pixel resolution resulting in multi-sourced methods being limited by the largest input pixel size. Multi-scale lineament detection circumvents this issue and allows increased levels of detail to be captured. In this study we present a [...]
DeepPhasePick: A method for Detecting and Picking Seismic Phases from Local Earthquakes based on highly optimized Convolutional and Recurrent Deep Neural Networks
Published: 2020-10-23
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Seismic phase detection, identification and first-onset picking are basic but essential routines to analyse earthquake data. As both the number of seismic stations, globally and regionally, and the number of experiments greatly increase due to ever greater availability of instrumentation, automated data processing becomes more and more essential. E.g., for modern seismic experiments involving [...]
Testing the effect of bioturbation and species abundance upon discrete-depth individual foraminifera analysis
Published: 2020-10-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology
We use a single foraminifera enabled, holistic hydroclimate-to-sediment transient modelling approach to fundamentally evaluate the efficacy of discrete-depth individual foraminifera analysis (IFA) for reconstructing past sea surface temperature (SST) variability from deep-sea sediment archives, a method that has been used for, amongst other applications, reconstructing El Niño Southern [...]