Preprints
There are 5525 Preprints listed.
Megathrust Modeling Workshop Report
Published: 2020-10-29
Subjects: Earth Sciences
The Planning for a Modeling Collaboratory for Subduction Zone Science (MCS) Research Coordination Network (RCN) is one of three RCNs funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) following the 2016 Subduction Zone Observatory (SZO) workshop. The MCS RCN aims to facilitate the development of the integrative earthquake and volcano modeling component of SZ4D, the MCS, and explore how computational [...]
Morphodynamic modelling of beach cusp formation: the role of wave forcing and sediment composition
Published: 2020-10-29
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A field of beach cusps formed during a field experiment at Nha Trang Beach, Vietnam, under accretive conditions. The measured data was used to set-up morphodynamic simulations in XBeach, which was able to simulate cusp formation from an initially long-shore uniform beach profile. Several types of simulations were run in order to observe the resulting variation in mean cusp dimensions (length, [...]
High-frequency global wavefields for local 3D structures by wavefield injection and extrapolation
Published: 2020-10-28
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
Earth structure is multiscale, and seismology remains the primary means of deciphering signatures from small structures over large distances. To enable this at the highest resolution, we present a flexible injection and extrapolation type hybrid framework that couples wavefields from a precomputed global database of accurate Green’s functions with a local three dimensional (3-D) method of [...]
Studying the initiation of volcanic eruptions: Time for a petrological perspective.
Published: 2020-10-28
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Volcanology
Volcano monitoring is essential for mitigating the risks associated with volcanic activity. As monitoring becomes more sophisticated and widespread, there is a growing need for understanding the relationship between different monitoring records and magmatic processes occurring at depth. This is particularly relevant to the processes that initiate eruptions after the extended periods of repose and [...]
Responses of tropical marine ecosystems to climate change impacts and their treatment in biogeochemical ecosystem models
Published: 2020-10-27
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
To predict the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and the effectiveness of intervention and mitigation strategies, we need reliable marine ecosystem response models such as biogeochemical models that reproduce climate change effects. We reviewed marine ecosystem parameters and processes that are modified by climate change and examined their representations in biogeochemical ecosystem [...]
The large-scale troughs on Asteroid 4 Vesta accommodate opening-mode displacement
Published: 2020-10-27
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Dawn mission at Asteroid 4 Vesta revealed two sets of enormous linear structures. Both sets are troughs—linear, negative-relief landforms—with one spanning around two-thirds of the equator and the other set located in the northern hemisphere. Previous work evaluated the shapes of the troughs and interpreted them to be analogous to grabens, which are landforms caused by faulting; however, an [...]
Improving mechanical behaviour of collapsible soils by grouting active clay nanoparticles
Published: 2020-10-27
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The primary geotechnical concern of collapsible soils such as loess is their hydromechanical instability. During (re)wetting, metastable aggregates disintegrate leading soil to collapse under the applied load or self-weight. In situ chemical stabilisation, such as grouting, is a favoured option to improve the mechanical behaviour of soils; however, the low permeability of loess limits the [...]
Impacts of a regional multi-year insect defoliation event on seasonal runoff ratios and instantaneous streamflow characteristics
Published: 2020-10-26
Subjects: Forest Sciences, Hydrology, Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Water Resource Management
Repeated moderate severity forest disturbances can cause short- and long-term shifts in ecosystem processes. Prior work has found that stand-replacing disturbances (e.g., clear-cutting) increases streamflow in temperate forests, but streamflow responses to repeated moderate severity disturbances are more equivocal. This study examined a moderate disturbance caused by an unexpected population [...]
Assimilation of GNSS Reflectometry Delay-Doppler Maps into Global Ocean Surface Wind Analyses
Published: 2020-10-26
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Direct remote sensing observations (e.g. radar backscatter, radiometer brightness temperature, or radio occultation bending angle) are often more effective for use in data assimilation (DA) than the corresponding geophysical retrievals (e.g. ocean surface winds, soil moisture, or atmospheric water vapor). In the particular case of Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R), the [...]
Salt-magma interactions influence intrusion distribution and salt tectonics in the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil
Published: 2020-10-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Tectonics and Structure, Volcanology
Many sedimentary basins host thick evaporite (salt) deposits. Some of these basins also host extensive igneous intrusion networks. It thus seems inevitable that, in some locations, magma will interact with salt. Yet how interaction between these materials may influence salt tectonics or magma emplacement, particularly at the basin-scale, remains poorly understood. We use 3D seismic reflection [...]
Forecasting landslides by taking their temperature: Combining mathematical and experimental modeling with field data on the case of the El Forn landslide (Andorra)
Published: 2020-10-25
Subjects: Engineering
In this study we are suggesting a temperature-based modeling approach for deep-seated landslides, validated through combined field monitoring and experimental testing. The Silurian shales of the shear band of El Forn landslide (Andorra) have been characterized through thermal and rate controlled triaxial tests, thereby calibrating a mathematical model that is used to monitor the behavior of [...]
The Global Warming Potential Misrepresents the Physics of Global Warming Thereby Misleading Policy Makers
Published: 2020-10-25
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oil, Gas, and Energy
The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a widely used metric used to compare the climate change effects of various greenhouse gases. Although GWP has an established role in international climate agreements, GWP does not, in general, describe any specific identifiable impact of greenhouse gas emissions on climate. It is argued here that GWP is unphysical, unintuitive, arbitrary, ignores the time [...]
Modeling transpiration with sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence via water use efficiency and stomatal conductance
Published: 2020-10-25
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Hydrology
Successfully applied in the carbon research area, sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has raised the interest of researchers from the water research domain. However, the mechanism between SIF emitted by plants and transpiration (T) has not been fully explored. To improve the understanding of the relationship between SIF and T, we developed two SIF-T models, the WUE model and the [...]
India Flood Inventory: Creation of a multi-source national geospatial database to facilitate comprehensive flood research
Published: 2020-10-25
Subjects: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering
Floods are one of the most devastating natural hazards across the world, with India being one of the worst affected countries in terms of fatalities and economic damage. In-depth research is required in order to understand the complex hydrometeorological and geomorphic factors at play and design solutions to minimize the impact of floods. But the existence of a historical inventory of floods is [...]
Global decline of deep water formation with increasing atmospheric CO2
Published: 2020-10-24
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Deep water formation is not only the driver of the global ocean circulation; by sending heat and carbon to the deep ocean, it is also crucial for climate change mitigation. Yet its future is uncertain: will it slow down as stratification increases, emerge in polar regions as the wind starts blowing over previously ice-covered waters, or intensify with increased evaporation? Here we present the [...]