Preprints
There are 5726 Preprints listed.
Early warning for great earthquakes from characterization of crustal deformation patterns with deep learning
Published: 2021-02-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Although infrequent, large (Mw7.5+) earthquakes can be extremely damaging and occur on subduction and intraplate faults worldwide. Earthquake early warning (EEW) systems aim to provide advanced warning before strong shaking and tsunami onsets. These systems estimate earthquake magnitude using the early metrics of waveforms, relying on empirical scaling relationships of abundant past events. [...]
Improving the Robustness of the Comparison Model Method for the Identification of Hydraulic Transmissivities
Published: 2021-02-10
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Comparison Model Method (CMM) is a relatively simple and computationally efficient direct method for the identification of the transmissivity of a confined aquifer by solution of an inverse problem. However, it suffers some of the classical drawbacks related to ill-posedness and ill-conditioning of inverse methods. Effectiveness of the CMM can be improved by some approaches. First of all, the [...]
Creating and Promoting Gender Equity and Diversity in Professional Geological Societies: A Focus on AAPG
Published: 2021-02-10
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
When professional organizations allow gender inequity to persist, they continually lose talented, valuable individuals who enrich and lead their groups and drive innovation. This paper presents an analysis of membership data and ways in which member contributions are recognized by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) between 2017-2020, in relation to gender. These are compared [...]
234U/230Th coral growth dating yields reliable ages in restricted basins despite anomalous δ234Ui values
Published: 2021-02-10
Subjects: Geochemistry, Geology, Tectonics and Structure
Late Quaternary coral growth ages from uplifted coastal regions, such as marine terraces and associated palaeoshorelines, are an essential tool used to derive tectonic and fault controlled uplift and deformation rates, and thus contribute to seismic hazard analysis and constrain past global sea levels. Fossil coral growth ages are assessed for reliability based upon whether the δ234Ui (or [...]
Reduced High-Latitude Land Seasonality in Climates with Very High Carbon Dioxide
Published: 2021-02-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Observations of warm past climates and projections of future climate change show that the Arctic warms more than the global mean, particularly during winter months. Past warm climates such as the early Eocene had above-freezing Arctic continental temperatures year-round. In this paper, we show that a reduced Arctic land seasonality with increased greenhouse gases is a robust consequence of the [...]
Impact of wave-vortical interactions on oceanic submesoscale lateral dispersion
Published: 2021-02-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Submesoscale lateral transport of a passive tracer and Lagrangian particles in the ocean is investigated by means of numerical simulations with intermediate models. Using a projection technique, the models are formulated in terms of wave-mode and vortical-mode nonlinear interactions, and they range in complexity from full Boussinesq to waves-only and vortical-modes-only models. We find that, on [...]
The impact of intermittency on bed load sediment transport
Published: 2021-02-09
Subjects: Dynamical Systems, Geomorphology, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
Sediment transport by wind or water near the threshold of grain motion is dominated by rare transport events. This intermittency makes it difficult to calibrate sediment transport laws, or to define an unambiguous threshold for grain entrainment, both of which are crucial for predicting sediment transport rates. We present a model that captures this intermittency and show that the noisy [...]
Increase data sharing or die? An initial view for natural catastrophe insurance
Published: 2021-02-09
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Education, Environmental Sciences, Geography
This article is an illustration of Geography in action, recounting an investigation into an industry's views of data sharing. The insurance sector is fundamentally analytics driven and based on geospatial data. One option for more effective and efficient insurance for natural hazard risks (e.g. flooding, earthquake) is, in theory, to increase the sharing of data between the various [...]
Magnetostratigraphy and stable isotope stratigraphy of the middle-Eocene succession of the Ainsa basin (Spain): new age constraints and implications for sediment delivery to the deep waters
Published: 2021-02-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Stratigraphic cycles preserved in sedimentary successions are controlled by the interaction of tectonics, climate, sediment supply and sea-level variations. Understanding the influence of these drivers on sedimentary systems dynamics is crucial to understand and extract information from sedimentary archives. In the deep marine deposits of the Ainsa foreland basin (lower to middle Eocene, southern [...]
Excessive use of motorized vehicular road transports in megacities such as Delhi and Mumbai (India) and its effects on pollution between the years 2004 and 2011
Published: 2021-02-05
Subjects: Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment, Environmental Sciences, Sustainability
Effects of the increasing use of motor vehicles are almost unnoticeable in large and congested megacities, urban areas, and metropolitan cities such as Mumbai and Delhi. Furthermore, a significant source of air pollution in several Indian cities is transportation. With the rapid growth in urbanization, industrialization, and modernization in such cities, alongside an increase in pollution, the [...]
Not all DEMs are equal: An evaluation of six globally available 30 m resolution DEMs with geodetic benchmarks and LiDAR in Mexico
Published: 2021-02-05
Subjects: Earth Sciences
This work assesses the vertical accuracy of eight Digital Surface Models (DSMs) currently available for Mexico (LiDAR, ALOS AW3D30 V2 and V3, ASTER GDEM V2 and V3, SRTM, NASADEM and Mexico's Continuos Elevation Model (CEM)). The AW3D30, ASTER GDEM, SRTM and NASADEM DSMs cover nearly the entire globe and can be downloaded at no cost, while the LiDAR and CEM DSMs are distributed by Mexico's [...]
Smooth crustal velocity models cause a depletion of high-frequency ground motions on soil in 2-D dynamic rupture simulations
Published: 2021-02-04
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A depletion of high-frequency ground motions on soil sites has been observed in recent large earthquakes and is often attributed to the nonlinear soil response. Here we show that the reduced amplitudes of high-frequency horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios on soil can also be caused by a smooth crustal velocity model with low shear wave velocities underneath soil sites. We calculate near-fault [...]
Audible acoustics from low-magnitude fluid-induced earthquakes in Finland
Published: 2021-02-04
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Earthquakes are frequently accompanied by public reports of audible low-frequency noises. In 2018, public reports of booms or thunder-like noises were linked to induced earthquakes during a Engineered Geothermal System project in the Helsinki Metropolitan area. In response, two microphone arrays were deployed to record and study these acoustic signals while stimulation at the drill site [...]
Back to the fields: COVID-19 impact on agricultural activity detected with satellite data
Published: 2021-02-03
Subjects: Environmental Studies
In response to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers worldwide adopted unprecedented measures to limit disease spread, with major repercussions on labour markets and economic growth. Here we provide empirical evidence of their impact on agricultural activity due to sectoral labour reallocation. Analysing daily satellite data in a non-parametric machine learning statistical framework over [...]
Upper Mantle Radial Anisotropy Under the Indian Ocean from Higher Mode Surface Waves and a Hierarchical Transdismensional Approach
Published: 2021-02-03
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology
We investigated the likelihood of radial anisotropy in the shallow and deep upper mantle, including the mantle transition zone (MTZ) under the Indian Ocean. Seismic anisotropy can be an indicator of mantle deformation through lattice preferred orientation of anisotropic crystals in the mantle. It has thus the potential to illuminate Earth's dynamic interior, but previous seismic tomography [...]