Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Contribution of zooplankton nutrient recycling and effects on phytoplankton size structure in a hypereutrophic reservoir
Published: 2022-02-16
Subjects: Biochemistry, Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Life Sciences, Other Life Sciences
Consumer nutrient recycling influences aquatic ecosystem functioning by altering the movement and transformation of nutrients. In hypereutrophic reservoirs, zooplankton nutrient recycling has been considered negligible due to high concentrations of available nutrients. A comparative analysis (Moody and Wilkinson, 2019) found that zooplankton communities in hypereutrophic lakes are dominated by [...]
Constrained 1.5-Layer Hamiltonian Toy Models for Stratospheric Dynamics
Published: 2022-02-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A two-layer Hamiltonian toy model consisting of two isentropic stratospheric layers is simplified using perturbation analysis while preserving the Hamiltonian structure. These two layers are neutrally and stably stratified. The first approximation applies when the Froude number of the upper isentropic layer is small, such that the upper surface is approximately rigid, and this upper layer is much [...]
Early evolution of the Adelaide Superbasin
Published: 2022-02-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, Tectonics and Structure
Continental rifts have a significant role in supercontinent breakup, and the development of sedimentary basins. The Australian Adelaide Superbasin is one of the largest and best-preserved rift systems that initiated during the breakup of Rodinia, yet substantial challenges still hinder our understanding of its early evolution and place within the Rodinian supercontinent. In the past decade, our [...]
A one-million-year isotope record from siderites formed in modern ferruginous sediments
Published: 2022-02-16
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Other Environmental Sciences, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Ancient iron formations hold important records of environmental conditions during the Precambrian Eons. Reconstructions of past oceanic systems require investigating modern ferruginous analogs to disentangle water column and diagenetic signals recorded in iron-bearing minerals. We analyzed oxygen, iron, and carbon isotopes in siderite, a ferrous carbonate phase commonly used as an environmental [...]
What Determines the Future Ecological Risks of Wastewater Discharges in River Networks: Load, Location or Climate Change?
Published: 2022-02-16
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Over the last decades, treatment of domestic wastewater promoted by environmental regulations have reduced human health risks and improved water quality. However, ecological risks caused by effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharged into rivers still persist. Moreover, the evolution of these ecological risks in the future is intimately related to effects of changing climate, [...]
Climate nonlinearities: selection, uncertainty, projections, & damages
Published: 2022-03-08
Subjects: Earth Sciences
\textbf{Abstract:} Climate projections are highly uncertain; this uncertainty is costly and impedes progress on climate policy. This uncertainty is primarily parametric (what numbers do we plug into our equations?) and structural (what equations do we use in the first place?). The former is straightforward to characterise in principle, though may be computationally intensive for complex climate [...]
Freshwater Suspended Particulate Matter – Key Components and Processes in Floc Formation and Dynamics.
Published: 2022-02-18
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Fresh Water Studies, Geochemistry, Hydrology, Sedimentology
Freshwater suspended particulate matter (SPM) plays an important role in many biogeochemical cycles and serves multiple ecosystem functions. Most SPM is present as complex floc-like aggregate structures composed of various minerals and organic matter from the molecular to the organism level. Flocs provide habitat for microbes and feed for larger organisms. They constitute microbial bioreactors, [...]
Numerical experiments on extreme waves through oblique-soliton interactions
Published: 2022-02-18
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Extreme water-wave motion is investigated analytically and numerically by considering two-soliton and three-soliton interactions on a horizontal plane. We successfully determine numerically that soliton solutions of the unidirectional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (KPE), with equal far-field individual amplitudes, survive reasonably well in the bidirectional and higher-order Benney-Luke [...]
Differences in running velocity and boldness between male and female Atlantic sand fiddler crab (Leptuca pugilator)
Published: 2022-02-19
Subjects: Animal Sciences, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Marine Biology
Atlantic sand fiddler crabs (Leptuca pugilator) exhibit an extreme case of sexual dimorphism with the male crabs wielding an enlarged dominate claw that can account up to 40% of an individual’s total body mass. The salt pans found in marine marshes are commonly colonized by fiddler crabs and have limited coverage from avian predators, making the ability to quickly run back their burrows, an [...]
Temporal Variability in Snow Accumulation and Density at Summit Camp, Greenland Ice Sheet
Published: 2022-03-09
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A three-year record of weekly snow water equivalent (SWE) accumulation at Summit Camp, central Greenland Ice Sheet, obtained by direct sampling, is presented. While the overall SWE accumulation of 24.2 cm w.e. per year matches long-term ice core estimates, variability increases at shorter time scales. Half of the annual SWE accumulation occurs during a few large events, with the average [...]
psvWave: elastic wave propagation in 2d for Python and C++
Published: 2022-02-22
Subjects: Geophysics and Seismology
We present `psvWave', a basic numerical finite difference solver for Python and C++, specifically targeted at seismologists. The solver is based on the well-established staggered grid approaches developed for the P-SV elastic wave equation. Although its functionality is limited (solely moment tensor sources, only Ricker wavelets source time functions), it does possess the ability to perform [...]
Accurate chronological construction for two young stalagmites from the tropical South Pacific
Published: 2022-02-23
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Modern to Holocene tropical Pacific stalagmites are commonly difficult to date with the U-series, the most commonly used dating method for speleothems. When U-series does not provide robust age models, due to multiple sources of 230Th or little U, radiocarbon is, potentially, the best alternative. The 14C content of two stalagmites (Pu17 and Nu16) collected from Pouatea and Nurau caves in the [...]
Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for probabilistic weather and climate risk modelling: an implementation in CLIMADA v.3.1.
Published: 2022-02-23
Subjects: Applied Statistics, Climate, Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys, Earth Sciences, Environmental Studies, Natural Resources Management and Policy, Nature and Society Relations, Numerical Analysis and Computation, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Risk Analysis, Statistical Methodology
Modelling the risk of natural hazards for society, ecosystems, and the economy is subject to strong uncertainties, even more so in the context of a changing climate, evolving societies, growing economies, and declining ecosystems. Here we present a new feature of the climate risk modelling platform CLIMADA which allows to carry out global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. CLIMADA underpins [...]
Fault slip-rates and Coulomb stress interactions in the intersection zone of the Hope, Kelly and Alpine Faults, South Island, New Zealand
Published: 2022-02-24
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geomorphology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Tectonics and Structure
The Hope Fault is a major strike-slip plate boundary fault in the Marlborough Fault Zone of New Zealand’s South Island that transfers slip between the Alpine Fault and Hikurangi subduction zone. We use lidar-based geomorphic and fault mapping, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL; quartz) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL; feldspar) dating of fault-proximal sedimentary deposits to [...]
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
Published: 2022-02-24
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has catapulted our ability to detect, quantify and characterize bio- and geophysical processes (e.g., aquifer dynamics, tectonic, and magmatic processes, etc.). During the last four decades, InSAR has imaged the complete Earth’s surface and transformed our understanding of how Earth works. Such revolution has been underpinned by a relentless [...]