Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Oracle bone script records explain the impact of climate extremes in ancient China
Published: 2023-01-06
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Extreme climatic and weather events have raised increasing concerns in the context of climate change for causing severe disasters worldwide. As for ancient civilizations, however, possible causes of extreme events and their corresponding cultural responses have remained unclear. By quantitatively analyzing the weather information in ~55000 oracle bone script pieces, we constructed three ~200-year [...]
An expanded database of Southern Hemisphere surface sediment dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and their oceanographic affinities
Published: 2023-01-07
Subjects: Earth Sciences
Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages present a valuable proxy to infer paleoceanographic conditions, yet factors influencing geographic distributions of species remain largely unknown, especially in the Southern Ocean. Strong lateral transport, sea-ice dynamics and a low and uneven geographic coverage of surface sediment samples have limited the use of dinocyst assemblages as a quantitative proxy for [...]
Diffusion of halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) in silicic melt
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology
Chemical diffusion of the halogens F, Cl, Br, and I in silica-rich natural melts was experimentally investigated by the diffusion couple technique. Experiments were conducted under anhydrous conditions at atmospheric pressure and hydrous conditions (~1.5 wt.% H2O) at 160 MPa, over a temperature range of 750–1000 °C and 1000–1200 °C, respectively. Quenched trachytic melt samples were analyzed [...]
Real-time shallow landslide hazard assessment on a regional scale
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Engineering
Shallow landslides are a major natural hazard in the UK, causing more than £10M of economic losses annually and posing clear threats to life. Rainfall is an essential control on shallow landslide risk, but network operators currently use generic ‘on-off’ warnings based on localised rainfall intensity and duration, giving no strategic information about where the hazard is highest or evolving the [...]
Weakening of the Indian Ocean Dipole in the mid-Holocene due to the mean oceanic climatology change
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Meteorology, Oceanography
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is one of the leading modes of interannual climate variability in the tropical Indian Ocean (IO). Paleoclimate provides real climate scenarios to examine IOD behaviors and the linkage to basic states. Based on 18 models from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 3 and 4 (PMIP 3/4), the IOD change from the preindustrial period to mid-Holocene is [...]
Constraining the complex refractive index of black carbon particles using the complex forward-scattering amplitude
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Black carbon is the largest contributor to global aerosol’s shortwave absorption in the current atmosphere and is an important positive climate forcer. The complex refractive index, m = mr + imi, the primary determinant of the absorbed and scattered energies of incident radiation per unit volume of particulate material, has not been accurately known for atmospheric black carbon material. An [...]
Identifying the regional emergence of climate patterns in the ARISE-SAI-1.5 simulations
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed form of solar climate invention (SCI) that could potentially reduce the amount of future warming from externally-forced climate change. However, more research is needed, as there are significant uncertainties surrounding the possible impacts of SCI, including unforeseen effects on regional climate patterns. In this study, we consider a climate model [...]
Improving Shoreline Forecasting Models with Multi-Objective Genetic Programming
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Climate, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Monitoring, Geomorphology, Hydrology, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, Oceanography, Sedimentology, Statistical Models
Given the current context of climate change and increasing population densities at coastal zones, there is an increasing need to be able to predict the development of our coasts. Recent advances in artificial intelligence allow for automatic analysis of observational data. This work makes use of Symbolic Regression, a type of Machine Learning algorithm, to evolve interpretable shoreline [...]
Extension of Methane Emission Rate Distribution for Permian Basin Oil and Gas Production Infrastructure by Aerial LiDAR
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Oil, Gas, and Energy
Aerial LiDAR measurements at 7474 oil and gas production facilities in the Permian Basin yield a measured methane emission rate distribution extending to the detection sensitivity of the method, 2 kg/h at 90% probability of detection. Emissions are found at 38.3% of facilities scanned, a significantly higher proportion than reported in lower-sensitivity campaigns. LiDAR measurements are analyzed [...]
Thermo-hydro-mechanical analysis of Bentonite at residual state
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Engineering
This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations regarding the effect of temperature on the residual strength of Bentonite at slow-to-moderate shearing velocities. In order to understand the trigger mechanism of slow-moving landslides, we investigated the effect of temperature on the shear strength of slip surfaces. We performed ring-shear tests on Bentonite samples at various [...]
Consumer-grade UAV solid-state LiDAR accurately quantifies topography in a vegetated fluvial environment
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Unoccupied Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with passive optical sensors have become popular for reconstructing topography using Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM). Advances in UAV payloads and the advent of solid-state LiDAR have enabled consumer-grade active remote sensing equipment to become more widely available, potentially providing opportunities to overcome some challenges associated with [...]
Drought impacts on the electricity system, emissions, and air quality in the western US
Published: 2023-01-10
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
The western United States has experienced severe drought in recent decades, and climate models project increased drought risk in the future. This increased drying could have important implications for the region's interconnected, hydropower-dependent electricity systems. Using power-plant level generation and emissions data from 2001-2021, we quantify the impacts of drought on the operation of [...]
Benefit-cost ratios of CO2 removal strategies
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Climate
Limiting global warming to 1.5$^\circ$C will very likely require, or to 2$^\circ$C may require, large-scale removal of carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) from the atmosphere. Many CO$_2$ removal strategies (CDRSs), or negative emissions technologies, have been proposed, which vary widely in both price per ton of CO$_2$ removed and storage timescale of this removed CO$_2$, as well as mechanism, maturity, [...]
EZ-InSAR: An Easy-to-use Open-source Toolbox for Mapping Ground Surface Deformation using Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
Published: 2023-01-11
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Software Engineering
Satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a space-borne geodetic technique that can map ground displacement at millimetre accuracy. Via the new era for InSAR applications provided by the Copernicus Sentinel-1 SAR satellites, several open-source software packages exist for processing the SAR data, obtaining high- quality ground deformation maps but still requires a deep [...]
Mixtures of sediment chemical contaminants at freshwater sampling sites across Europe with different contaminant burdens
Published: 2023-01-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Extended chemical analyses of fluvial sediments was undertaken to establish the key pollutant pressures and mixtures present across nine European Union inland waterways. A wide range of chemical components and physical parameters were investigated including substances from the EU Priority List and Watch List. The data set was examined for key indicator compounds, however it was found that a wide [...]