Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Systemic Vulnerabilities in Hispanic and Latinx Immigrant Communities Led to the Reliance on an Informal Warning System in the December 10–11, 2021 Tornado Outbreak
Published: 2022-12-09
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
On December 10–11, 2021, the deadliest December tornado outbreak on record produced a family of EF4 tornadoes that severely impacted communities in Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee. Although the National Weather Service anticipated the outbreak three days earlier, not all communities received life-saving information before, during, or after the disaster. To examine systemic [...]
Satellite-derived solar radiation for intra-hour and intra-day applications: biases and uncertainties by season and altitude
Published: 2022-12-13
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Accurate estimates of the surface solar radiation (SSR) are a prerequisite for intra-day forecasts of solar resources and photovoltaic power generation. Intra-day SSR forecasts are of interest to power traders and to operators of solar plants and power grids who seek to optimize their revenues and maintain the grid stability by matching power supply and demand. Our study analyzes systematic [...]
Subsurface geologic, geophysical and chronological data for paleo-hydrologic reconstructions in Danube’s lower floodplain - delta system
Published: 2022-12-16
Subjects: Life Sciences
Abstract: Records of paleofloods can be reconstructed from special fluvial sedimentary environments such as oxbows; however, deposits in in such lakes, if they exist at all, are still short, on the order of hundreds of years. Longer sedimentary records need to be developed for evaluating paleo-hydrologic regimes of large rivers transiting from a natural Holocene to Anthropocene. Here we report [...]
Transgressive rocky coasts in the geological record: Preserved or eroded? Insights from Miocene granitic rocky shorelines and modern examples.
Published: 2022-12-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geology
Most of modern shorelines are in net erosion. Among these, rocky shorelines are commonly punctuated, with alternating high relief cliffs an incised embayments which host “pocket beaches”. While multiple cases of ancient rocky shorelines associated with low relief ravinement surfaces have been documented in the geological record, deposits formed in pocket beaches and joint-cut hollows are more [...]
Return of the Atacama deep Slow Slip Event : the 5-year recurrence confirmed by continuous GPS
Published: 2022-12-19
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Seismology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Four years ago, using survey GPS measurements, the first deep slow slip event (SSE) was detected in Chile (near Copiapó, Atacama region), unrelated to any major earthquake. It was located between 40 and 60 km depth on the subduction interface, lasted approximately 18 months (2014-2016.5) and reached an equivalent magnitude of Mw~6.9. The single permanent station operating in the region between [...]
Knowledge co-production for decision-making in human-natural systems under uncertainty
Published: 2022-12-14
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Decision-making under uncertainty is important for managing human-natural systems in a changing world. A major source of uncertainty that challenges decisions is rooted in their multi-actor settings, i.e., the poorly understood societal actors with diverse values, complex relationships, and conflicting management approaches. Despite general agreement across disciplines on co-producing knowledge [...]
Barometers behaving badly II: A critical evaluation of Cpx-only and Cpx-Liq thermobarometry in variably-hydrous arc magmas
Published: 2022-12-14
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Volcanology
The chemistry of erupted clinopyroxene crystals (±equilibrium liquids) have been widely used to deduce the pressures and temperatures of magma storage in volcanic arcs. However, the large number of different equations parametrizing the relationship between mineral and melt compositions and intensive variables such as pressure and temperature yield vastly different results, with [...]
Shortening ice seasons and changing phenology affect under-ice lake temperature dynamics
Published: 2022-12-13
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences
Temperate lakes worldwide are losing ice cover but the implications for under-ice thermal dynamics are poorly constrained. Using a 92-year record of ice phenology from a temperate and historically dimictic lake, we examined trends, variability, and drivers of ice phenology and under-ice temperatures. The onset of ice formation decreased by 23 days century-1 which can be largely attributed to [...]
Reconciling farmers’ expectations with the demands of the emerging UK agricultural soil carbon market
Published: 2022-12-13
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
This paper explores farmers’ and land managers’ perceptions of the emerging agricultural soil carbon market in the UK and examines their willingness to adopt soil health management practices to enhance and/or maintain soil carbon stocks and enthusiasm for and interest in participation in soil carbon sequestration schemes. Data were collected through online questionnaires administered to 100 [...]
Wildfire influence on recent US pollution trends
Published: 2022-12-16
Subjects: Environmental Health and Protection, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Public Health, Environmental Studies
Steady improvements in ambient air quality in the US over the past several decades have led to large public health benefits. However, recent trends in PM2.5 concentrations, a key pollutant, have stagnated or begun to reverse throughout much of the US. We quantify the contribution of wildfire smoke to these trends and find that since 2016, wildfire smoke has significantly slowed or reversed [...]
Stinging News: ‘Dickinsonia’ discovered in the Upper Vindhyan of India Not Worth the Buzz
Published: 2022-12-16
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A recent report of Dickinsonia tenuis ‘hiding in plain sight’ at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in rocks of the Maihar sandstone (Upper Vindhyan) has important implications for paleogeography and the age of the Upper Vindhyan. We visited the site in December 2022 and found the evidence for Dickisonia lacking. The ‘fossil’ resembles decayed parts of modern Apis dorsata (giant honeybees) hives. In [...]
Thermal stratification and meromixis in four dilute temperate zone lakes
Published: 2022-12-14
Subjects: Life Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Four adjacent lakes (Arco, Budd, Deming, and Josephine) within Itasca State Park in Minnesota, USA are reported to be meromictic in the scientific literature. However, seasonally persistent chemoclines have never been documented. We collected seasonal profiles of temperature and specific conductance and placed temperature sensor chains in two lakes for ~ 1 year to explore whether these lakes [...]
A treatise on InSAR geometry and 3D displacement estimation
Published: 2022-12-14
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The estimation of displacement vectors for (objects on) the Earth’s surface using satellite InSAR requires geometric transformations of the observables based on orbital viewing geometries. Usually, there are insufficient viewing geometries available for full 3D reconstruction, leading to non-unique solutions. Currently, there is no standardized approach to deal with this problem, resulting in [...]
Oxidation Rates and Redox Stabilization of Ferrous Iron in Trioctahedral Smectites
Published: 2022-12-16
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry, Other Earth Sciences, Planetary Biogeochemistry, Planetary Geochemistry
Iron(II)-bearing trioctahedral smectites (saponites) form during anoxic alteration of basaltic rock. They are predicted to have been widespread on the early Earth and are observed in the oceanic subsurface today. Smectite structures, including the occupancy of sites in the octahedral sheet, affect iron redox behavior but the rates and products of trioctahedral smectite oxidation have been largely [...]
Historical & future maximum ocean temperatures
Published: 2022-12-16
Subjects: Oceanography
Marine heatwaves impact ocean ecosystems and are expected to become more frequent and intense with continued global warming. The ability of Earth system models to reproduce the statistical characteristics of extreme ocean temperatures has not yet been tested quantitatively, making the reliability of their future projections of marine heatwaves uncertain. We demonstrate that annual maxima of [...]