Preprints
There are 7999 Preprints listed.
Last Glacial Maximum pattern effects reduce climate sensitivity estimates
Published: 2023-07-13
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences, Climate, Oceanography, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Here, we show that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) provides a stronger constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), the global warming from increasing greenhouse gases, after accounting for temperature patterns. Feedbacks governing ECS depend on spatial patterns of surface temperature (“pattern effects”); hence, using the LGM to constrain future warming requires quantifying how [...]
Regenerative Agriculture the Veganic Way: A Seven-year Research Study in Increasing Soil Organic Matter (SOM) and Crop Yields
Published: 2023-07-14
Subjects: Agriculture
Agriculture is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and biodiversity loss, mostly through deforestation for the cultivation of animal feeds; enteric fermentation from ruminants like cattle, fertilizers and manure; and soil degradation from intensive farming practices. There is currently a push to transform our farming systems to attempt to alleviate the almost-assured [...]
Climate Resilience of small-town water utilities in Eastern Ethiopia
Published: 2023-07-14
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Building a resilient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) system is more important than ever since climate change threatens WASH, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The Government of Ethiopia stresses climate-resilient WASH through its One WASH National Program, albeit it may be challenging to ascertain the resilience due to the absence of an easy-to-use monitoring tool. The “How [...]
Application of Köppen Climate Classification of Two Remote Regions in Turkey
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
This paper presents the application of the Köppen climate classification system for two remote regions in Turkey. The author describes the Köppen system and the history of climate classification briefly. The author uses the meteorological data of Mersin province in the Mediterranean region and Sinop province in the Black Sea region. The author compares the results with the existing classification [...]
Mapping Permafrost Variability and Degradation Using Seismic Surface Waves, Electrical Resistivity, and Temperature Sensing: A Case Study in Arctic Alaska
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Civil Engineering, Geophysics and Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, Hydrology
Subsurface processes significantly influence surface dynamics in permafrost regions, necessitating utilizing diverse geophysical methods to reliably constrain permafrost characteristics. This research uses multiple geophysical techniques to explore the spatial variability of permafrost in undisturbed tundra and its degradation in disturbed tundra in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. Here, we integrate multiple [...]
Waterflood-CMG production optimization analysis for the Draugen field of Norway
Published: 2023-07-18
Subjects: Engineering
The Draugen field is well-known for producing oil that is then transported to power plant facilities to generate electricity in Draugen. However, with declining oil production (as of 2021) and new necessary electrification contracts, the field may be unable to meet the demand for plant facilities. The current study combines waterflooding and reservoir simulation methods from the Computer [...]
Separating Internal and Forced Contributions to Near Term SST Predictability in the CESM2-LE
Published: 2023-07-17
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
An open question in the study of climate prediction is whether internal variability will continue to contribute to prediction skill in the coming decades, or whether predictable signals will be overwhelmed by rising temperatures driven by anthropogenic forcing. We design an interpretable neural network that can be decomposed to examine the relative contributions of external forcing and internal [...]
Python workflow for segmenting multiphase flow in porous rocks
Published: 2023-07-25
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The need for accurate, consistent and fast image processing has become an important part of the investigation of multiphase flow through porous media. We describe an open-source image processing workflow written in python, using the sci-kit toolbox. We demonstrate the methodology to segment multiple fluids (gas and brine), and the rock grains for a Bentheimer sandstone. This workflow can be [...]
High rates of rock organic carbon oxidation sustained as Andean sediment transits the Amazon foreland-floodplain
Published: 2023-07-18
Subjects: Biogeochemistry, Geochemistry
The oxidation of organic carbon contained within sedimentary rocks (“petrogenic” carbon, or hereafter OCpetro) emits nearly as much CO2 as is released by volcanism, thereby playing a key role in the long-term global C budget. High erosion rates in mountains have been shown to increase OCpetro oxidation. However, these settings also export un-weathered material that may continue to react in [...]
Commercial-Scale Demonstration of a First-of-a-Kind Enhanced Geothermal System
Published: 2023-07-18
Subjects: Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Fervo Energy has completed construction of a commercial enhanced geothermal system (EGS) project and has qualified full functionality of the system through production testing at commercially relevant operating conditions. The project site is located in a nearfield setting adjacent to an operating geothermal power station in north-central Nevada and is designed to deliver an uplift in [...]
Present and future limits to climate change adaptation
Published: 2023-07-21
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Environmental Studies, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Sustainable economic development and resilience to climate change impacts require human adaptation to a warming climate. It is possible that rising costs of climate change will provide incentives to increase adaptation actions in the future. This Perspective argues, by contrast, that adaptation to the costs of global warming is likely to be ineffective. Empirical evidence suggests that current [...]
An adjoint-based optimization method for jointly inverting heterogeneous material properties and fault slip from earthquake surface deformation data
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Analysis of tectonic and earthquake-cycle associated deformation of the crust can provide valuable insights into the underlying deformation processes including fault slip. How those processes are expressed at the surface depends on the lateral and depth variations of rock properties. The effect of such variations is often tested by forward models based on a priori geological or geophysical [...]
A preliminary assessment of urban water security in Ulaanbaatar, a semi-arid region in Mongolia.
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Environmental Studies
Water security is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. Understanding context-specific challenges and opportunities around this issue is key to improving water systems globally. This paper explores the current state of urban water security in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital city. Ulaanbaatar is home to more than 40% of the country’s population and 60% of its national GDP. The city is [...]
Effect of basal friction on granular column collapse
Published: 2023-07-19
Subjects: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The collapse behaviour of granular materials is influenced by many factors, such as aspect ratio and inter-particle friction. However, the specific impact of basal to grain friction on column collapse remains poorly understood. In this study, we systematically analyse the effect of basal friction on gravity-driven granular column collapse using a validated smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) [...]
On the role of lake level management in modulating climate change impacts on perialpine lakes
Published: 2023-07-20
Subjects: Engineering
Study region Four perialpine lakes in Switzerland, with different levels of lake level management. Study focus Alpine regions are particularly sensitive to climate change due to the pronounced effect on snow and glacial melt. In this context, large perialpine lakes play a crucial role in modulating climate change impacts on water resources, which brings together diverse interests. However, [...]