Preprints
There are 6976 Preprints listed.
Geospatial Variation in Carbon Accounting of Low-Carbon Hydrogen Production Pathways: Implications for the Inflation Reduction Act
Published: 2023-11-20
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Systems Engineering
Low-carbon hydrogen is considered a key component of global energy system decarbonization strategy. The US Inflation Reduction Act includes incentives in the form of production tax credits for low-carbon hydrogen production, provided the lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions intensity (EI) of hydrogen is below 4 kg CO2e/kg H2. Blue hydrogen or hydrogen produced from natural gas coupled with [...]
Petrographic and geochemical evidence for a complex magmatic plumbing system beneath Bagana volcano, Papua New Guinea
Published: 2023-10-31
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Volcanology
Bagana is a persistently active stratovolcano located on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea. Characteristic activity consists of prolonged lava effusion over months to years, with occasional shifts to explosive vulcanian or subplinian eruptions which threaten surrounding communities. Satellite observations have shown that Bagana is a major SO2 emitter, particularly during eruptive intervals. [...]
Robustness of the evaluation of indirect costs of natural disasters: example of the ARIO model
Published: 2023-10-30
Subjects: Risk Analysis
Given the interconnectedness of economies and the prevalence of just-in-time production processes, even small interruptions to production caused by natural disasters can lead to great indirect economic impacts. A substantial body of literature on this subject exists, notably with the help of input-output analysis, CGE and agent-based models. However, such models rely on parameters and data which [...]
New insights into the Upper Pleistocene directed blast eruption, Popocatépetl volcano, México
Published: 2023-10-30
Subjects: Geology, Stratigraphy, Volcanology
Volcanic eruptions of the directed blast type are characterized by powerful explosions with a significant lateral pyroclastic density current (PDC) component that can travel at speeds above 100 m s–1 and affect hundreds of square kilometers around a volcano. This study presents preliminary results of a detailed fieldwork and stratigraphic study of deposits associated with the Ocoxaltepec Blast [...]
Quantifying fault interpretation uncertainties and their impact on fault seal and seismic hazard analysis
Published: 2023-10-31
Subjects: Geology, Tectonics and Structure
Fault-horizon cut-off data extracted from seismic reflection datasets are used to study normal fault geometry, displacement distribution, and growth history. We assess the influence of three seismic interpretation factors (repeatability, measurement obliquity, and fault cut-off type) on fault parameter uncertainty. Two repeat interpretations resulted in mean differences of 5-15% for throw, 11-42% [...]
Forest carbon market-based mechanisms in India: Learnings from global design principles and domestic barriers to implementation
Published: 2023-10-31
Subjects: Social and Behavioral Sciences
Forest carbon markets (FCMs) have emerged as a significant means to direct resources toward urgent climate action that can mobilize a large set of actors and catalyze funding toward reducing deforestation and promoting sustainable forest management. Here, we conduct a critical qualitative review of global academic and investigative literature to identify ten major sets of design principles that [...]
Fluvial reworking eliminates small craters, but does not meaningfully bias the Mars interbedded-crater record
Published: 2023-10-31
Subjects: Geomorphology, Planetary Geomorphology, Planetary Sedimentology, Sedimentology, Stratigraphy
Interpreting the structures, morphology, and chemistry of the exposed stratigraphic record on Mars is complicated by ancient surface processes that have variably removed parts of the record. Previous research has used the lack of smaller craters (<50 m diameter) interbedded with fluvial deposits to constrain atmospheric pressure when rivers were active on Mars; the notion being that higher [...]
WITHDRAWN: The Quantum Mechanism of Earthquakes as Exemplified by a Sudden Ejection of Rocks and Gas from a Rock Mass during the Process of a Coulomb Explosion
Published: 2023-10-31
Subjects: Education, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract removed when submission was withdrawn.
Sounding out the river: Seismic and hydroacoustic monitoring of bedload transport in an alluvial river
Published: 2023-11-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Seismological observations provide a non-invasive and continuous means of indirect measurement of fluvial bedload transport (i.e. the transport of coarse granular material, as a function of water depth, in rivers). However, a significant challenge remains in independently characterising the seismic signature of bedload transport from other sources, such as turbulence. Previous research suggested [...]
Systematic losses in tree-canopy cover over three decades revealed by integrating complementary data sources
Published: 2023-11-02
Subjects: Environmental Monitoring, Sustainability
Losses and gains in canopy cover of the world’s tree canopies affect carbon stocks, species habitats, water cycles, and human livelihoods. Consistent and multi-decadal global data on tree-canopy cover dynamics are needed for modelling climate scenarios, tracking progress towards restoration targets, and diverse other research, management and policy applications. However, most data only map binary [...]
Factors influencing access to safely managed sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol
Published: 2023-11-02
Subjects: Public Health
Introduction Several interventions have been implemented to improve access for all to safely managed sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since the beginning of the Sustainable Development Goals in September 2015. However, consolidated evidence on how such interventions worked or not worked remains limited. The proposed systematic review aims to synthesis evidence on how, why and under which [...]
PyIRoGlass: An Open-Source, Bayesian MCMC Algorithm for Fitting Baselines to FTIR Spectra of Basaltic-Andesitic Glasses
Published: 2023-11-02
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Other Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Volcanology
Quantifying volatile concentrations in magmas is critical for understanding magma storage, phase equilibria, and eruption processes. We present PyIRoGlass, an open-source Python package for quantifying H2O and CO2 species concentrations in the transmission FTIR spectra of basaltic to andesitic glasses. We leverage a database of naturally degassed melt inclusions and back-arc basin basalts to [...]
WITHDRAWN: The Energy of Earthquakes. What's Wrong with the Elastic Recoil Theory?
Published: 2023-11-01
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract removed when submission was withdrawn.
WITHDRAWN: Earthquakes and Other Seismic Processes as Part of Impact Theory
Published: 2023-11-01
Subjects: Education, Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract removed when submission was withdrawn.
Microphysical evolution in mixed-phase mid-latitude marine cold-air outbreaks
Published: 2023-11-03
Subjects: Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Five cold-air outbreaks are investigated with aircraft offshore of continental northeast American. Flight paths aligned with the cloud-layer flow span cloud-top temperatures of -5 to -12 0C, in situ liquid water paths of up to 600 g m-2, while in situ cloud droplet number concentrations exceeding 500 cm-3 maintain effective radii below 10 micron. Ice is usually present at cloud initiation. [...]